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Prepublished online as a Blood First Edition Paper on September 22, 2003; DOI 10.1182/blood-2003-08-2798.
Submitted August 14, 2003
Accepted September 15, 2003
Molecular remission and reversal of myelofibrosis in response to imatinib mesylate treatment in patients with the myeloproliferative variant of hypereosinophilic syndrome
Amy D Klion*, Jamie A Robyn, Cem Akin, Pierre Noel, Margaret R Brown, Melissa A Law, Dean D Metcalfe, Cynthia E Dunbar, and Thomas B Nutman
Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
Department of Laboratory Medicine, Warren Grant Magnusson Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
* Corresponding author; email: aklion{at}niaid.nih.gov.
We recently described a subset of patients with a myeloproliferative variant of hypereosinophilic syndrome (MHES) characterized by elevated serum tryptase levels, increased atypical mast cells in the bone marrow, tissue fibrosis and the presence of the fusion tyrosine kinase, FIP1L1-PDGFR , which is a therapeutic target of imatinib mesylate. Seven patients with MHES were treated with imatinib (300-400 mg daily). Clinical improvement and resolution of eosinophilia was observed in all patients, although cardiac dysfunction, when present, was not altered by therapy. Reversal of bone marrow pathology, including increased cellularity, the presence of spindle-shaped mast cells and myelofibrosis, was evident in all patients at 4-8 weeks following initiation of therapy. This was accompanied by a decrease in activated eosinophils and mast cells in the peripheral blood and bone marrow, respectively. Serum tryptase levels declined rapidly to normal levels in all patients and remained in the normal range throughout therapy. Molecular remission, with disappearance of detectable FIP1L1-PDGFRA (F/P) transcripts, was achieved in 5/6 patients tested. The lack of reversal of cardiac abnormalities and persistence of the F/P mutation in some patients suggests that early intervention with higher doses of imatinib may be desirable in the treatment of patients with MHES.
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