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Blood, 15 April 2004, Vol. 103, No. 8, pp. 3084-3092. Prepublished online as a Blood First Edition Paper on December 24, 2003; DOI 10.1182/blood-2003-08-2867. This Article Full Text (PDF) All Versions of this Article: 2003-08-2867v1 103/8/3084    most recent Alert me when this article is cited Alert me if a correction is posted Services Email this article to a friend Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Rights and Permissions Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via CrossRef Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Struik, S. S Articles by Riley, E. M Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Struik, S. S Articles by Riley, E. M Social Bookmarking                   What's this? Submitted August 21, 2003 Accepted December 3, 2003 Uninfected erythrocytes inhibit P.falciparum-induced cellular immune responses in whole blood assays Siske S Struik, Fakhreldin M Omer, Katerina Artavanis-Tsakonas, and Eleanor M Riley* Department of Infectious Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom * Corresponding author; email: eleanor.riley{at}lshtm.ac.uk. Whole blood assays (WBA) have been successfully used as a simple tool for immuno-epidemiological field studies evaluating cellular immune responses to mycobacterial and viral antigens. Rather unexpectedly, we found very poor cytokine responses to malaria antigens in WBA in two immunoepidemiological studies carried out in malaria endemic populations in Africa. We have therefore conducted a detailed comparison of cellular immune responses to live (intact) and lysed malaria-infected erythrocytes in WBA and in peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) cultures. We observed profound inhibition of both proliferative and IFN- responses to malarial antigens in WBA as compared with PBMC cultures. This inhibition was seen only for malaria antigens (not mitogens or unrelated antigens), was independent of previous malaria exposure and blood group, and could not be overcome by increasing either antigen concentration or responder cell numbers. Inhibition was mediated by intact erythrocytes and occurred early in the culture period suggesting that failure of antigen uptake might underlie the lack of T cell responses. In support of this hypothesis, we have shown that intact uninfected erythrocytes specifically inhibit phagocytosis of infected red blood cells by peripheral blood monocytes. We propose that specific biochemical interactions with uninfected erythrocytes inhibit the phagocytosis of malaria infected erythrocytes and that this may impede T cell recognition in vivo. CiteULike    Connotea    Del.icio.us    Digg    Reddit    Technorati    What's this? This article has been cited by other articles: L. J. Robinson, M. C. D'Ombrain, D. I. Stanisic, J. Taraika, N. Bernard, J. S. Richards, J. G. Beeson, L. Tavul, P. Michon, I. Mueller, et al. Cellular Tumor Necrosis Factor, Gamma Interferon, and Interleukin-6 Responses as Correlates of Immunity and Risk of Clinical Plasmodium falciparum Malaria in Children from Papua New Guinea Infect. Immun., July 1, 2009; 77(7): 3033 - 3043. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] M. Walther, J. Woodruff, F. Edele, D. Jeffries, J. E. Tongren, E. King, L. Andrews, P. Bejon, S. C. Gilbert, J. B. De Souza, et al. Innate Immune Responses to Human Malaria: Heterogeneous Cytokine Responses to Blood-Stage Plasmodium falciparum Correlate with Parasitological and Clinical Outcomes J. Immunol., October 15, 2006; 177(8): 5736 - 5745. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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