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Blood, 15 August 2004, Vol. 104, No. 4, pp. 942-947. Prepublished online as a Blood First Edition Paper on April 29, 2004; DOI 10.1182/blood-2003-09-3333. This Article Full Text (PDF) All Versions of this Article: 2003-09-3333v1 104/4/942    most recent Alert me when this article is cited Alert me if a correction is posted Services Email this article to a friend Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Rights and Permissions Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via CrossRef Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Deeks, S. G Articles by Hecht, F. M Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Deeks, S. G Articles by Hecht, F. M Social Bookmarking                   What's this?  Previous Article  |  Next Article  Submitted October 2, 2003 Accepted February 17, 2004 Immune Activation Set-point During Early HIV Infection Predicts Subsequent CD4+ T Cell Changes Independent of Viral Load Steven G Deeks*, Cristina M Kitchen, Lea Liu, Hua Guo, Ron Gascon, Amy B Narvaez, Peter Hunt, Jeffrey N Martin, James O Kahn, Jay Levy, Michael S McGrath, and Frederick M Hecht Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA * Corresponding author; email: sdeeks{at}php.ucsf.edu. Although generalized T cell activation is an important factor in chronic HIV disease pathogenesis, its role in primary infection remains poorly defined. To investigate the effect of immune activation on T cell changes in subjects with early HIV infection, and to test the hypothesis that an immunologic activation set-point is established early in the natural history of HIV disease, a prospective cohort of acutely infected adults was performed. The median density of CD38 molecules on CD4+ and CD8+ T cells was measured longitudinally in 68 antiretroviral-untreated individuals and 83 antiretroviral-treated individuals. At study entry, T cell activation was positively association with viremia, with CD8+ T cell activation levels increasing exponentially at plasma HIV RNA levels greater than 10,000 copies/mL. Among untreated patients, the level of CD8+ T cell activation varied widely between individuals but often remained stable within a given individual. CD8+ T cell activation and plasma HIV RNA levels over time were independently associated with the rate of CD4+ T cell loss in untreated individuals. These data indicate that immunologic activation set-point is established early HIV infection, and that this set-point determines the rate at which CD4+ T cells are lost over time. CiteULike    Connotea    Del.icio.us    Digg    Reddit    Technorati    What's this? This article has been cited by other articles: J. T. Schiffer and J. Leung Rotavirus infection and epidermal necrolysis of the bowel in a patient with AIDS BMJ Case Reports, November 29, 2009; 2009(nov29_1): bcr0920092255 - bcr0920092255. [Abstract] [Full Text] V. D. Gonzalez, K. Falconer, K. G. Blom, O. Reichard, B. Morn, A. L. Laursen, N. Weis, A. Alaeus, and J. K. Sandberg High Levels of Chronic Immune Activation in the T-Cell Compartments of Patients Coinfected with Hepatitis C Virus and Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 and on Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy Are Reverted by Alpha Interferon and Ribavirin Treatment J. Virol., November 1, 2009; 83(21): 11407 - 11411. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] S. 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