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Blood, 15 May 2005, Vol. 105, No. 10, pp. 3893-3901.
Prepublished online as a Blood First Edition Paper on February 8, 2005; DOI 10.1182/blood-2003-10-3501.
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Submitted October 17, 2003
Accepted January 12, 2005
Urokinase-type plasminogen activator is a preferred substrate of the human epithelium serine protease tryptase  /PRSS22
Shinsuke Yasuda, Nasa Morokawa, G W Wong, Andrea Rossi, Mallur S Madhusudhan, Andrej Sali, Yuko S Askew, Roberto Adachi, Gary A Silverman, Steven A Krilis, and Richard L Stevens*
Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, California Institute of Quantitative Biomedical Research, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
Department of Pediatrics, Magee-Women's Research Institute and University of Pittsburg, Pittsburg, PA, USA
Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
Department of Immunology, Allergy, and Infectious Disease, St. George Hospital and University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
* Corresponding author; email: rstevens{at}rics.bwh.harvard.edu.
Tryptase  is a member of the chromosome 16p13.3 family of human serine proteases that is preferentially expressed by epithelial cells. Recombinant pro-tryptase was generated to understand how the exocytosed zymogen might be activated outside of the epithelial cell, as well as to address its possible role in normal and diseased states. Using expression/site-directed mutagenesis approaches, we now show that Lys20, Cys90, and Asp92 in the protease's substrate-binding cleft regulate its enzymatic activity. We also show that Arg-1 in the propeptide domain controls its ability to autoactivate. In vitro studies revealed that recombinant tryptase possesses a restricted substrate specificity. Once activated, tryptase cannot be inhibited effectively by the diverse array of protease inhibitors present in normal human plasma. Moreover, this epithelium protease is not highly susceptible to  1-antitrypsin or secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor which are present in the lung. Recombinant tryptase could not cleave fibronectin, vitronectin, laminin, single-chain tissue-type plasminogen activator, plasminogen, or any prominent serum protein. Nevertheless, tryptase readily converted single-chain pro-urokinase-type plasminogen activator (pro-uPA/scuPA) into its mature, enzymatically active protease. Tryptase also was able to induce pro-uPA-expressing smooth muscle cells to increase their migration through a basement membrane-like extracellular matrix. The ability to activate uPA in the presence of varied protease inhibitors suggests that tryptase plays a prominent role in fibrinolysis and other uPA-dependent reactions in the lung.
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