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Blood, 15 April 2004, Vol. 103, No. 8, pp. 2914-2919.
Prepublished online as a Blood First Edition Paper on December 4, 2003; DOI 10.1182/blood-2003-10-3564.

Submitted October 22, 2003
Accepted December 2, 2003
Hemochromatosis mutations in the general population: iron overload progression rate
Rolf Vaern Andersen, Anne Tybjaerg-Hansen, Merete Appleyard, Henrik Birgens, and Borge Gronne Nordestgaard*
Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark; The Copenhagen City Heart Study, Bispebjerg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
Hematology, Herlev University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
* Corresponding author; email: brno{at}herlevhosp.kbhamt.
The progression rate of iron overload in hereditary hemochromatosis in individuals in the general population is unknown. We therefore examined in the general population iron overload progression rate in C282Y homozygotes. Using a cohort study of the Danish general population, The Copenhagen City Heart Study, we genotyped 9174 individuals. The 23 C282Y homozygotes identified were matched to two subjects each of five other HFE genotypes with respect to gender, age, and alcohol consumption. As a function of biological age, transferrin saturation increased from 50-70% from 25-85 years and from 70-80% from 35-80 years in female and male C282Y homozygotes, respectively. Equivalently, ferritin levels increased from 100-500 µg/L and decreased from 800-400 µg/L in female and male C282Y homozygotes. As a function of 25 years follow-up irrespective of age, transferrin saturation and ferritin increased slightly in male and female C282Y homozygotes. None of the C282Y homozygotes developed clinically overt hemochromatosis. In conclusion, individuals in the general population with C282Y homozygosity at most demonstrate modest increases in transferrin saturation and ferritin, and clinically overt hemochromatosis is rare. Therefore, C282Y homozygotes identified during population screening, and not because of clinically overt hemochromatosis, at most need to be screened for manifestations of hemochromatosis every 10-20 years.

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