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Blood, 15 October 2004, Vol. 104, No. 8, pp. 2514-2522. Prepublished online as a Blood First Edition Paper on June 29, 2004; DOI 10.1182/blood-2003-11-4065.
Submitted December 2, 2003
Immunology, Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, KolKata, West Bengal, India * Corresponding author; email: santu2{at}iicb.res.in.
We report that chlorogenic acid (Chl) induces apoptosis of Bcr-Abl-positive several chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) cell lines and primary cells from CML patients in vitro and destroys Bcr-Abl-positive K562 cells in vivo. In contrast, this compound has no effect on the growth and viability of Bcr-Abl-negative lymphocytic and myeloid cell lines and primary CML cells. Sodium chlorogenate (NaChl) exhibits two fold higher efficiency in killing K562 cells compared to Chl. NaChl also induces growth inhibition of squamous cell carcinoma (HSC-2) and salivary gland tumor cells (HSG) although at 50 fold higher concentration. NaChl inhibits autophosphorylation of p210Bcr-Abl fusion protein rapidly. We demonstrate that p38 phosphorylation is increased in Bcr-Abl-positive cells after treatment with NaChl and closely paralleled the inhibition of Bcr-Abl phosphorylation. NaChl did not increase phosphorylation of p38 in Bcr-Abl-negative cells including HSC-2 and HSG that are responsive to this compound, indicating that p38 activation by NaChl is dependent on Bcr-Abl-kinase inhibition. Inhibition of p38 activity by SB203580 significantly reduced NaChl-induced apoptosis of K562 cells whereas activation of p38 by anisomycin augmented the apoptosis. These findings indicate that inhibition of Bcr-Abl kinase leading to activation of p38 MAP kinase may play important role in the anti-CML activity of Chl.
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