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Blood, 15 November 2004, Vol. 104, No. 10, pp. 3021-3027. Prepublished online as a Blood First Edition Paper on July 29, 2004; DOI 10.1182/blood-2004-02-0701. This Article Full Text (PDF) All Versions of this Article: 2004-02-0701v1 104/10/3021    most recent Alert me when this article is cited Alert me if a correction is posted Services Email this article to a friend Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Rights and Permissions Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via CrossRef Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Carlsen, H. S Articles by Brandtzaeg, P. Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Carlsen, H. S Articles by Brandtzaeg, P. Social Bookmarking                   What's this?  Previous Article  |  Next Article  Submitted February 25, 2004 Accepted July 7, 2004 Monocyte-like and mature macrophages produce CXCL13 (B-cell-attracting chemokine 1) in inflammatory lesions with lymphoid neogenesis Hege S Carlsen*, Espen S Baekkevold, H C Morton, Guttorm Haraldsen, and Per Brandtzaeg Laboratory for Immunohistochemistry and Immunopathology (LIIPAT), Institute of Pathology, Rikshospitalet University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Department of Surgery, Rikshospitalet University Hospital, Oslo, Norway Laboratory for Immunohistochemistry and Immunopathology (LIIPAT), Institute of Pathology, Rikshospitalet University Hospital, Oslo, Norway * Corresponding author; email: hege.carlsen{at}klinmed.uio.no. The homeostatic chemokine CXCL13 (also called B cell-attracting chemokine 1/ BCA-1 or B lymphocyte chemoattractant/BLC) is constitutively expressed in secondary lymphoid tissue and initiates lymphoid neogenesis when expressed aberrantly in mice. CXCL13 has also been detected in chronic inflammation associated with human lymphoid neogenesis, suggesting a pathogenic role. Follicular dendritic cells (FDCs) are generally considered to be the major source of CXCL13 both in normal and aberrant lymphoid tissue. We show here, instead, that most CXCL13-expressing cells in rheumatoid arthritis and ulcerative colitis are of monocyte/macrophage lineage. They are located in irregular lymphoid aggregates within an FDC network, but also within and near smaller collections of B cells in diseased tissue where no FDCs are detected. Some of these CXCL13-expressing cells are CD14+, suggesting derivation from recently extravasated monocytes. Interestingly, monocytes from healthy donors stimulated in vitro with lipopolysaccharide secrete CXCL13. This induced production is enhanced after in vitro maturation of the monocytes towards macrophages, but markedly decreased after maturation towards dendritic cells. Together, our findings strongly suggest that newly recruited monocytes/macrophages play a role for lymphoid neogenesis in human inflammatory diseases. Circulating monocytes are therefore potential candidates for future targeted therapy of chronic inflammation. CiteULike    Connotea    Del.icio.us    Digg    Reddit    Technorati    What's this? This article has been cited by other articles: A. Burkle, M. Niedermeier, A. Schmitt-Graff, W. G. Wierda, M. J. Keating, and J. A. Burger Overexpression of the CXCR5 chemokine receptor, and its ligand, CXCL13 in B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia Blood, November 1, 2007; 110(9): 3316 - 3325. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] L. Lasagni, R. Grepin, B. Mazzinghi, E. Lazzeri, C. 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Hartle, et al. Chemokines in multiple sclerosis: CXCL12 and CXCL13 up-regulation is differentially linked to CNS immune cell recruitment Brain, January 1, 2006; 129(1): 200 - 211. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] H. S. Carlsen, G. Haraldsen, P. Brandtzaeg, and E. S. Baekkevold Disparate lymphoid chemokine expression in mice and men: no evidence of CCL21 synthesis by human high endothelial venules Blood, July 15, 2005; 106(2): 444 - 446. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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