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Blood, 15 January 2005, Vol. 105, No. 2, pp. 650-658.
Prepublished online as a Blood First Edition Paper on September 14, 2004; DOI 10.1182/blood-2004-05-1714.
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Submitted May 4, 2004
Accepted August 30, 2004
ICAM-1 recycling in endothelial cells: a novel pathway for sustained intracellular delivery and prolonged effects of drugs
Silvia Muro*, Christine Gajewski, Michael Koval, and Vladimir R Muzykantov
Institute for Environmental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
Institute for Environmental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Physiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
Institute for Environmental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Pharmacology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
* Corresponding author; email: silvia{at}mail.med.upenn.edu.
ICAM-1 is a target for drug delivery to endothelial cells (EC), which internalize multivalent anti-ICAM nanocarriers (anti-ICAM/NC) within 15-30 min. The concomitant ICAM-1 disappearance from the EC surface transiently inhibited subsequent binding and uptake of anti-ICAM/NC. Within 1 h, internalized ICAM-1 diverged from anti-ICAM/NC into pre-lysosomal vesicles, resurfaced and enabled uptake of a subsequent anti-ICAM/NC dose. Thus, internalized ICAM-1 was able to recycle back to the plasma membrane. In vivo pulmonary targeting of a second anti-ICAM/NC dose injected 15 min after the first dose was decreased by 50%, but recovered between 30 min and 2.5 h, comparable to cultured EC. Anti-ICAM/NC affected neither EC viability nor fluid-phase endocytosis and traffic to lysosomes. However, lysosomal trafficking of the second dose of anti-ICAM/NC was decelerated at least two-fold vs. the first dose; hence the major fraction of anti-ICAM/NC resided in pre-lysosomal vesicles for at least 5 h without degradation. Two successive doses of anti-ICAM/NC/catalase protected EC against H2O2 for at least 8 h vs 2 h afforded by a single dose, suggesting that recurrent targeting to ICAM-1 affords longer effects. ICAM-1 recycling and inhibited lysosomal traffic/degradation of subsequent doses may help to prolong activity of therapeutic agents delivered into EC by anti-ICAM/NC.

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