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Blood, 15 March 2005, Vol. 105, No. 6, pp. 2557-2563.
Prepublished online as a Blood First Edition Paper on September 2, 2004; DOI 10.1182/blood-2004-05-1722.


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Submitted May 11, 2004
Accepted August 19, 2004

Receptor-binding residues lie in central regions of Duffy-binding-like domains involved in red cell invasion and cytoadherence by malaria parasites

Alfredo Mayor, Nivedita Bir, Ritica Sawhney, Shailja Singh, Priyabrata Pattnaik, Saurabh K Singh, Amit Sharma, and Chetan E Chitnis*

Malaria Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), New Delhi, India

* Corresponding author; email: cchitnis{at}icgeb.res.in.

Erythrocyte invasion by malaria parasites and cytoadherence of Plasmodium falciparum-infected erythrocytes to host capillaries are two key pathogenic mechanisms in malaria. The receptor-binding domains of erythrocyte binding proteins (EBPs) such as Plasmodium falciparum EBA-175, which mediate invasion, and PfEMP-1 family members, which are encoded by var genes and mediate cytoadherence, have been mapped to conserved cysteine-rich domains referred to as Duffy-binding-like (DBL) domains. Here, we have mapped regions within DBL domains from EBPs and PfEMP-1 that contain receptor-binding residues. Using biochemical and molecular methods we demonstrate that the receptor-binding residues of parasite ligands that bind sialic acid on glycophorin A for invasion as well as complement receptor-1 and chondroitin sulfate A for cytoadherence map to central regions of DBL domains. In contrast, binding to ICAM-1 requires both the central and terminal regions of DBL{beta}C2 domains. Determination of functional boundaries within DBL domains is the first step towards understanding the structure-function bases for their interaction with diverse host receptors.


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