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Blood, 15 October 2004, Vol. 104, No. 8, pp. 2263-2268. Prepublished online as a Blood First Edition Paper on July 6, 2004; DOI 10.1182/blood-2004-05-1812. This Article Full Text (PDF) All Versions of this Article: 2004-05-1812v1 104/8/2263    most recent Alert me when this article is cited Alert me if a correction is posted Services Email this article to a friend Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Rights and Permissions Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via CrossRef Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Guralnik, J. M Articles by Woodman, R. C Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Guralnik, J. M Articles by Woodman, R. C Related Collections Related Article in Blood Online Social Bookmarking                   What's this?  Previous Article  |  Next Article  Submitted May 11, 2004 Accepted June 15, 2004 The prevalence of anemia in persons age 65 and older in the United States: evidence for a high rate of unexplained anemia Jack M Guralnik*, Richard S Eisenstaedt, Luigi Ferrucci, Harvey G Klein, and Richard C Woodman National Institute on Aging, National Insitutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA Department of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA Department of Transfusion Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA OrthoBiotech Products, Bridgewater, NJ, USA * Corresponding author; email: jg48s{at}nih.gov. Clinicians frequently identify anemia in their older patients, but U.S. national data on the prevalence and causes of anemia in this population have not been available. Data are from the non-institutionalized U.S. population assessed in the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1988-1994). Anemia was defined by World Health Organization criteria; causes of anemia included iron, folate and B12 deficiencies, renal insufficiency, anemia of chronic inflammation (ACI), formerly termed anemia of chronic disease, and unexplained anemia (UA). ACI by definition required normal iron stores with low circulating iron (< 60 µg/dl). After age 50, anemia prevalence rates rose rapidly, to a prevalence above 20% at age 85 and older. Overall, 11.0% of men and 10.2% of women age 65 and older were anemic. Evidence of nutrient deficiency was present in one-third of older persons with anemia, ACI and/or chronic renal disease in one-third, and UA in the remaining one-third. Most anemia was mild; 2.8% of women and 1.6% of men had hemoglobin < 11g/dl. Therefore, anemia is common, albeit not severe, in the older population, and a substantial proportion of anemia is of indeterminate cause. The impact of anemia on quality of life, recovery from illness, and functional abilities needs to be further investigated in older persons. CiteULike    Connotea    Del.icio.us    Digg    Reddit    Technorati    What's this? Related Article in Blood Online: It's tough to be old and anemic Stanley L. Schrier Blood 2004 104: 2214-2215. [Full Text] [PDF] This article has been cited by other articles: M. L. Chen, T. D. Logan, M. L. Hochberg, S. G. Shelat, X. Yu, G. E. Wilding, W. Tan, G. C. Kujoth, T. A. Prolla, M. A. Selak, et al. Erythroid dysplasia, megaloblastic anemia, and impaired lymphopoiesis arising from mitochondrial dysfunction Blood, November 5, 2009; 114(19): 4045 - 4053. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] B. B. Newsome, S. J. Onufrak, D. G. Warnock, and W. M. 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