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Blood, 1 March 2005, Vol. 105, No. 5, pp. 1950-1955.
Prepublished online as a Blood First Edition Paper on September 16, 2004; DOI 10.1182/blood-2004-05-1987.


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Submitted May 26, 2004
Accepted September 6, 2004

Regulation of vascular endothelial barrier function by Epac, a cAMP activated exchange factor for Rap GTPase

Xavier Cullere, Sunil K Shaw, Lorna Andersson, Junichi Hirahashi, Francis W Luscinskas, and Tanya N Mayadas*

Center for Excellence in Vascular Biology, Dept. of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA

* Corresponding author; email: tmayadas{at}rics.bwh.harvard.edu.

Endothelial cell-cell junctional proteins and cortical actin are of central importance for regulating vascular permeability. Rap1, a member of the Ras family of GTPases, is enriched at endothelial cell-cell contacts and activated by cAMP through a PKA independent pathway. Activation of a cAMP inducible guanine-exchange factor for Rap, Epac, results in markedly enhanced basal endothelial barrier function by increasing cortical actin and subsequent redistribution of adherens and tight junctional molecules to cell-cell contacts. Activation of Epac also counteracts thrombin induced hyperpermeability through downregulation of Rho GTPase activation suggesting cross-talk between Rap and Rho GTPases. Thus Epac/Rap activation represents a new pathway for regulating endothelial cell barrier function.


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