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Blood, 1 April 2005, Vol. 105, No. 7, pp. 2654-2657. Prepublished online as a Blood First Edition Paper on December 21, 2004; DOI 10.1182/blood-2004-06-2063.
Submitted June 2, 2004
Van Creveldkliniek, Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands * Corresponding author; email: E.Mauserbunschoten{at}azu.nl.
Bleeding into the joints is common in hemophilia. After total knee or elbow replacement, profuse intra-articular bleeding unresponsive to high dose clotting factor replacement some times occurs. In some patients who have severely damaged elbow or knee joints the same profuse bleeding pattern can be seen. To control bleeding in these patients selective catherization with a microcatheter and therapeutic embolization with microcoils was performed whenever a severe blush or micro-aneurysm was observed on angiography. Over 12 years, in 23 cases of massive joint bleeding in 18 patients with hemophilia selective catherization was performed. In 15 cases the bleeding was post-operative, and in 8 spontaneous. Results of angiographic imaging revealed vascular blush, false aneurysm, true aneurysm and arterio-venous shunt in combination with an aneurysm as cause of bleeding. In two patients the cause of bleeding was not found. In 21 cases an embolization procedure was performed, in which the bleeding was completely controlled by a single procedure in 14 cases. Recurrence of the bleeding occurred in 7 cases requiring a second embolization procedure, in one patient even a third embolization was required to stop the bleeding completely. No difference in the outcome, i.e. clinical end of bleeding and joint range of motion, was observed, when comparing post-operative and spontaneous bleeding.
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