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Blood, 1 March 2005, Vol. 105, No. 5, pp. 2124-2131.
Prepublished online as a Blood First Edition Paper on November 4, 2004; DOI 10.1182/blood-2004-07-2683.
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Submitted July 16, 2004
Accepted October 27, 2004
t-AML-like MLL rearrangements are induced by etoposide in primary human CD34+ cells and remain stable after clonal expansion
Jolanta Libura, Diana J Slater, Carolyn A Felix, and Christine Richardson*
Institute of Cancer Genetics, Department of Pathology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
Division of Oncology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
Division of Oncology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
* Corresponding author; email: car10{at}columbia.edu.
Rearrangements involving the MLL gene on chromosome band 11q23 are a hallmark of therapy-related acute myeloid leukemias following treatment with topoisomeraseII poisons including etoposide. Therapy-related and de novo genomic translocation breakpoints cluster within a well-characterized 8.3kb fragment of MLL. Repair of etoposide-stabilized DNA topoisomeraseII covalent complexes may initiate MLL rearrangements observed in patients. We used a culture system of primary human hematopoietic CD34+ cells and inverse PCR to characterize the spectrum of stable genomic rearrangements promoted by etoposide exposure originating within an MLL translocation hotspot in therapy-related leukemia. Alterations to the region were observed at a readily detectable frequency in etoposide-treated cells. Illegitimate repair events after minimal repair included MLL tandem duplications and translocations, with minor populations of deletions or insertions. In stably repaired cells that proliferated for 10-14 days, the significant majority of illegitimate events were MLL tandem duplications, and several deletions, inversions, insertions, and translocations. Thus, etoposide promotes specific rearrangements of MLL consistent with the full spectrum of oncogenic events identified in leukemic samples. Although etoposide-initiated rearrangements are frequent, only a small subset of translocations occurs in cells that proliferate significantly.
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