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Blood, 1 April 2005, Vol. 105, No. 7, pp. 2845-2851.
Prepublished online as a Blood First Edition Paper on December 9, 2004; DOI 10.1182/blood-2004-07-2959.
Previous Article | Next Article 
Submitted August 5, 2004
Accepted November 26, 2004
Triggering of OX40 (CD134) on CD4+CD25+ T cells blocks their inhibitory activity: a novel regulatory role for OX40 and its comparison with GITR
Barbara Valzasina, Cristiana Guiducci, Heidrun Dislich, Nigel Killeen, Andrew D Weinberg, and Mario P Colombo*
Immunotherapy and Gene Therapy Unit, Department of Experimental Oncology, Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
Earle A. Chiles Research Institute, Robert W. Franz Cancer Research Center, Providence Portland Medical Center, Portland, OR, USA
* Corresponding author; email: mcolombo{at}istitutotumori.mi.it.
OX40 (CD134) is a member of the TNF receptor family that is transiently expressed on T cells after TCR ligation. Both naive and activated CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells (T reg) express OX40 but its functional role has not been determined. Since GITR a related TNF receptor family member influences T reg function, we tested whether OX40 might have similar effect. Triggering either GITR or OX40 on T reg using agonist antibodies inhibited their capacity to suppress and restored effector T cell proliferation, IL-2 gene transcription and cytokine production. OX40 abrogation of T reg suppression was confirmed in vivo in a model of GVHD. In a fully allogeneic C57BL/6 >BALB/c bone marrow transplantation, GVHD was lethal unless T reg were co-transferred with the bone marrow and effector T cells. Strikingly, T reg suppression of GVHD was abrogated either by i.p. injection of anti-OX40 or anti-GITR mAbs immediately after transfer, or by in vitro pre-treatment of T reg with the same mAbs before transfer. Cumulatively, the results suggest that in addition to controlling memory T cell numbers, OX40 directly controls T reg cell-mediated suppression.

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