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Blood, 15 June 2005, Vol. 105, No. 12, pp. 4693-4699.
Prepublished online as a Blood First Edition Paper on February 22, 2005; DOI 10.1182/blood-2004-11-4267.
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Submitted November 12, 2004
Accepted February 7, 2005
HIV-1 incorporates ABO histo-blood group antigens that sensitise virions to complement-mediated inactivation
Stuart J Neil, Aine McKnight, Kenth Gustafsson, and Robin A Weiss*
Wohl Virion Centre, Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, United Kingdom
Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
* Corresponding author; email: r.weiss{at}ucl.ac.uk.
ABO histo-blood group antigens have been postulated to modify pathogen spread through the action of natural antibodies and complement. The antigens are generated by a polymorphic glycosyltransferase encoded by 2 dominant active and a recessive inactive allele. In this study we investigated whether ABO sugars are incorporated into the envelope of HIV-1 virions. HIV vectors derived from cells expressing ABO antigens displayed sensitivity to fresh human serum analogous to ABO incompatibility, and ABO histo-blood group sugars were detected on the viral envelope protein, gp120. Moreover, lymphocyte-derived virus also displayed serum sensitivity reflecting the ABO phenotype of the host when cultured in autologous serum due to adsorption of antigens to cell surfaces. Serum sensitivity required both active complement and specific anti-ABO antibodies. Thus incorporation of ABO antigens by HIV-1 may affect transmission of virus between individuals of discordant blood groups by interaction with host natural antibody and complement.
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