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Blood, 1 December 2005, Vol. 106, No. 12, pp. 3839-3845. Prepublished online as a Blood First Edition Paper on August 16, 2005; DOI 10.1182/blood-2005-01-0394. This Article Full Text (PDF) All Versions of this Article: 2005-01-0394v1 106/12/3839    most recent Alert me when this article is cited Alert me if a correction is posted Services Email this article to a friend Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Rights and Permissions Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via CrossRef Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Muthukumar, A. Articles by Sodora, D. L Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Muthukumar, A. Articles by Sodora, D. L Social Bookmarking                   What's this?  Previous Article  |  Next Article  Submitted February 2, 2005 Accepted June 28, 2005 Timely triggering of homeostatic mechanisms involved in the regulation of T cell levels in SIVsm infected sooty mangabeys Alagarraju Muthukumar, Dejiang Zhou, Mirko Paiardini, Ashley P Barry, Kelly S Cole, Harold M McClure, Silvija I Staprans, Guido Silvestri, and Donald L Sodora* Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA Emory Vaccine Center and Yerkes Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Department of Biochemistry, University of Urbino, Urbino, Italy Emory Vaccine Center and Yerkes Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA * Corresponding author; email: donald.sodora{at}utsouthwestern.edu. Sooty mangabeys, the natural host of simian immunodeficiency virus (SIVsm), generally avoid progressive depletion of CD4+ T cells and opportunistic infections associated with infection of humans (HIV) and macaques (SIVmac). The means by which the SIVsm infected mangabeys maintain CD4+ T cell levels despite high rates of viral replication is not known. One cytokine that has key role in the regulation of T cell levels is interleukin-7 (IL-7). Here the longitudinal assessment of six SIVsm infected mangabeys identified an early increase in plasma IL-7 levels at weeks 1 to 5 post-infection. This IL-7 increase correlated with an early decline in CD4+ T cell levels (decline of 492-1171 cells/µl) accompanying acute viremia. Further, elevated IL-7 levels were followed by increased T cell proliferation (Ki67) and maintenance of lower but stable ( >500 cells/µl) CD4+ T cell levels in each mangabey through 37 weeks post-infection. These data contrast our earlier studies in SIVmac infected macaques in which the IL-7 increase was delayed till 20-40 weeks post-infection just prior to onset of simian AIDS. Taken together, these data suggest that 'timely' triggering of IL-7 is important for stabilizing healthy T cell levels in mangabeys and that timely administration may show benefit during pathogenic SIVmac and HIV infections. CiteULike    Connotea    Del.icio.us    Digg    Reddit    Technorati    What's this? This article has been cited by other articles: A. Durudas, J. M. Milush, H.-L. Chen, J. C. Engram, G. Silvestri, and D. L. Sodora Elevated Levels of Innate Immune Modulators in Lymph Nodes and Blood Are Associated with More-Rapid Disease Progression in Simian Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Monkeys J. Virol., December 1, 2009; 83(23): 12229 - 12240. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] M. Paiardini, B. Cervasi, J. C. Engram, S. N. Gordon, N. R. Klatt, A. Muthukumar, J. Else, R. S. Mittler, S. I. Staprans, D. L. Sodora, et al. Bone marrow-based homeostatic proliferation of mature T cells in nonhuman primates: implications for AIDS pathogenesis Blood, January 15, 2009; 113(3): 612 - 621. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] S. N. Gordon, R. M. Dunham, J. C. Engram, J. Estes, Z. Wang, N. R. Klatt, M. Paiardini, I. V. Pandrea, C. Apetrei, D. L. Sodora, et al. Short-Lived Infected Cells Support Virus Replication in Sooty Mangabeys Naturally Infected with Simian Immunodeficiency Virus: Implications for AIDS Pathogenesis J. Virol., April 1, 2008; 82(7): 3725 - 3735. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] D. A. Kosub, G. Lehrman, J. M. Milush, D. Zhou, E. Chacko, A. Leone, S. Gordon, G. Silvestri, J. G. Else, P. Keiser, et al. Gamma/Delta T-Cell Functional Responses Differ after Pathogenic Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Nonpathogenic Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Infections J. Virol., February 1, 2008; 82(3): 1155 - 1165. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] S. N. Gordon, N. R. Klatt, S. E. Bosinger, J. M. Brenchley, J. M. Milush, J. C. Engram, R. M. Dunham, M. Paiardini, S. Klucking, A. Danesh, et al. Severe Depletion of Mucosal CD4+ T Cells in AIDS-Free Simian Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Sooty Mangabeys J. Immunol., September 1, 2007; 179(5): 3026 - 3034. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] J. M. Milush, J. D. Reeves, S. N. Gordon, D. Zhou, A. Muthukumar, D. A. Kosub, E. Chacko, L. D. Giavedoni, C. C. Ibegbu, K. S. Cole, et al. Virally Induced CD4+ T Cell Depletion Is Not Sufficient to Induce AIDS in a Natural Host J. Immunol., September 1, 2007; 179(5): 3047 - 3056. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] C. A. Sariol, J. L. Munoz-Jordan, K. Abel, L. C. Rosado, P. Pantoja, L. Giavedoni, I. V. Rodriguez, L. J. White, M. Martinez, T. Arana, et al. Transcriptional Activation of Interferon-Stimulated Genes but Not of Cytokine Genes after Primary Infection of Rhesus Macaques with Dengue Virus Type 1 Clin. Vaccine Immunol., June 1, 2007; 14(6): 756 - 766. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] S. VandeWoude and C. 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