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Blood, 1 September 2005, Vol. 106, No. 5, pp. 1519-1524.
Prepublished online as a Blood First Edition Paper on May 24, 2005; DOI 10.1182/blood-2005-02-0717.


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Submitted February 23, 2005
Accepted May 2, 2005

Effect of transcription factor concentrations on leukemic stem cells

Frank Rosenbauer, Steffen Koschmieder, Ulrich Steidl, and Daniel G Tenen*

Harvard Institutes of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA

* Corresponding author; email: dtenen{at}bidmc.harvard.edu.

Increasing evidence suggests that leukemias are sustained by leukemic stem cells. However, the molecular pathways underlying the transformation of normal cells into leukemic stem cells are still poorly understood. The involvement of a small group of key transcription factors into this process was suggested by their frequent mutation or downregulation in individuals with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). However, knockout mice harboring complete disruption of transcription factor genes did not provide definitive proof of their role in this malignant disease. Recent findings in mice suggest that leukemic stem cell formation in AML might require residual transcription factor function, and is therefore associated with graded reduction rather than complete loss. In support of this novel concept is the paucity of bi-allelic null-mutations or deletions in transcription factor genes in human AML. Here, we discuss the effects of transcription factor concentrations on hematopoiesis and leukemia, with a focus on the regulation of transcription factor gene expression as a major mechanism that alters critical threshold levels during blood development and cancer.


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