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Blood, 1 October 2005, Vol. 106, No. 7, pp. 2452-2461.
Prepublished online as a Blood First Edition Paper on June 21, 2005; DOI 10.1182/blood-2005-02-0734.
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Submitted February 23, 2005
Accepted May 16, 2005
c-Myc rapidly induces acute myeloid leukemia in mice without evidence of lymphoma-associated anti-apoptotic mutations
Hui Luo, Qing Li, Julie O'Neal, Friederike Kreisel, Michelle M Le Beau, and Michael H Tomasson*
Department of Medicine and Genetics, Division of Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
Department of Pathology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
Department of Hematology/Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
* Corresponding author; email: tomasson{at}wustl.edu.
Ectopic expression of c-Myc (Myc) in most primary cell types results in programmed cell death, and malignant transformation cannot occur without additional mutations that block apoptosis. The development of Myc-induced lymphoid tumors has been well studied and supports this model. Myc can be upregulated in acute myeloid leukemia (AML), but its exact role in myeloid leukemogenesis is unclear. To study its role in AML, we utilized a Murine Stem Cell Virus (MSCV) retroviral gene trans-fer/transplantation system to broadly express Myc in the bone marrow of mice either alone or in combination with anti-apoptotic mutations. Myc expression, either in the context of Arf/Ink4a loss, or Bcl-2 co-expression, induced a mixture of acute myeloid and acute lymphoid leukemias (AML+ALL). In the absence of anti-apoptotic mutations however, all MSCV-Myc transplanted mice (100%, N=110) devel-oped AML exclusively. MSCV-Myc-induced AML was polyclonal, readily transplantable, possessed an intact Arf-p53 pathway, and did not display cytogenetic abnormalities by spectral karyotyping (SKY) analysis. Lastly, we found that Myc preferentially stimulated the growth of myeloid progenitor cells in methylcellulose. These data provide the first direct evidence that Myc is a critical downstream effector of myeloid leukemogenesis and suggest that myeloid progenitors are intrinsically resistant to Myc-induced apoptosis.

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