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Blood, 15 August 2005, Vol. 106, No. 4, pp. 1419-1422.
Prepublished online as a Blood First Edition Paper on May 3, 2005; DOI 10.1182/blood-2005-03-0899.
Previous Article | Next Article 
Submitted March 4, 2005
Accepted April 24, 2005
Nucleophosmin mutations in childhood acute myelogenous leukemia with normal karyotype
Giovanni Cazzaniga, Maria G Dell'Oro, Cristina Mecucci, Emanuela Giarin, Riccardo Masetti, Vincenzo Rossi, Franco Locatelli, Massimo F Martelli, Giuseppe Basso, Andrea Pession, Andrea Biondi*, and Brunangelo Falini
Pediatric Clinic, M.Tettamanti Research Center, San Gerardo Hospital, University of Milan-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
Institute of Hematology, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
Pediatric Clinic, Onco-Hematology, University of Padua, Padova, Italy
Institute of Hematology and Medical Oncology Seragnoli, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
* Corresponding author; email: andrea.biondi{at}unimib.it.
Nucleophosmin (NPM) is a nucleo-cytoplasmic shuttling protein involved in leukemia-associated chromosomal translocations, which regulates the ARF-p53 tumor-suppressor pathway. Recently, it has been demonstrated that mutations of the NPM1 gene alter the protein at its C-terminal, causing its cytoplasmic localization. Cytoplasmic NPM was detected in 35% of adult patients with primary non-M3 acute myeloid leukemia (AML), mainly associated with normal karyotype. We evaluated the prevalence of NPM1 gene mutation in non-M3 childhood AML patients enrolled in the ongoing AIEOP AML02 protocol in Italy. NPM1 mutations were found in 7/107 (6.5%) successfully analyzed patients. NPM1 mutated patients carried a normal karyotype (7/26, 27.1%) and were older in age. Thus, NPM1 mutation is a frequent abnormality in AML patients without known genetic marker, it may represents a new target to monitor minimal residual disease in AML, and a potential candidate for alternative and targeted treatments.

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