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Blood, 15 January 2006, Vol. 107, No. 2, pp. 454-462. Prepublished online as a Blood First Edition Paper on September 27, 2005; DOI 10.1182/blood-2005-04-1342. This Article Full Text (PDF) Supplemental Figures All Versions of this Article: 2005-04-1342v1 107/2/454    most recent Alert me when this article is cited Alert me if a correction is posted Services Email this article to a friend Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Rights and Permissions Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via CrossRef Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by VERMI, W. Articles by MUSSO, T. Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by VERMI, W. Articles by MUSSO, T. Social Bookmarking                   What's this?  Previous Article  |  Next Article  Submitted April 1, 2005 Accepted September 9, 2005 Role of dendritic cell-derived CXCL13 in the pathogenesis of Bartonella henselae B-rich granuloma WILLIAM VERMI, FABIO FACCHETTI, ELENA RIBOLDI, HOLGER HEINE, SARA SCUTERA, SARAH STORNELLO, DANIELA RAVARINO, PAOLA CAPPELLO, MIRELLA GIOVARELLI, RAFFAELE BADOLATO, MARIO ZUCCA, FRANCESCA GENTILI, MARCO CHILOSI, CLAUDIO DOGLIONI, ALESSANDRO NEGRO PONZI, SILVANO SOZZANI, and TIZIANA MUSSO* Department of Pathology, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy Section of General Pathology and Immunology, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Research Center Borstel, Borstel, Germany Department of Public Health and Microbiology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy Department of Medicine and Experimental Oncology, University of Turin, and Center for Experimental Research and Medical Studies (CERMS), S.Giovanni Battista Hospital, Turin, Italy; Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy Department of Medicine and Experimental Oncology, University of Turin, and Center for Experimental Research and Medical Studies (CERMS), S.Giovanni Battista Hospital, Turin, Italy Department of Pediatrics, University of Brescia, c/o Spedali civili, Brescia, Italy Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy Department of Pathology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy Department of Pathology, San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy Section of General Pathology and Immunology, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy; Istituto Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri", Milan, Italy * Corresponding author; email: tiziana.musso{at}unito.it. Dendritic cells (DCs) initiate adaptive immunity and regulate the inflammatory response by producing inflammatory chemokines. This study was aimed to elucidate their role in the pathogenesis of the suppurative granuloma induced by B. henselae infection, which characterizes Cat Scratch Disease (CSD). In vitro DC infection by B. henselae results in internalization of bacteria, phenotypic maturation with increased expression of HLA-DR and CD86, and induction of CD83, CD208 and CCR7. In comparison to LPS-activated DCs, B. henselae-infected DCs produce higher amounts of IL-10, whereas the production of IL-12p70 is reduced. Infected DCs also produce high levels of CXCL8 and CXCL13, two chemokines active respectively on neutrophils and B lymphocytes. These results provide the molecular basis for the morphogenesis of CSD granuloma, that typically contains high numbers of neutrophils and B cells. Remarkably, CSD granulomas in vivo contain CXCL13-producing DCs. We further demonstrate that the B-cells in CSD granuloma are represented by monocytoid B-cells and, noteworthy, they express T-bet, a transcription factor able to induce a T-independent immunoglobulin (Ig) class switch in B lymphocytes. These findings suggest that the humoral immune response to B. henselae initiates in the extrafollicular areas of infected lymph nodes and is regulated by DCs. CiteULike    Connotea    Del.icio.us    Digg    Reddit    Technorati    What's this? This article has been cited by other articles: A. Cagigi, F. Mowafi, L. V. Phuong Dang, K. Tenner-Racz, A. Atlas, S. Grutzmeier, P. Racz, F. Chiodi, and A. Nilsson Altered expression of the receptor-ligand pair CXCR5/CXCL13 in B cells during chronic HIV-1 infection Blood, December 1, 2008; 112(12): 4401 - 4410. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] A. Popov, J. Driesen, Z. Abdullah, C. Wickenhauser, M. Beyer, S. Debey-Pascher, T. Saric, S. Kummer, O. Takikawa, E. Domann, et al. 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