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Blood, 1 March 2006, Vol. 107, No. 5, pp. 2022-2029. Prepublished online as a Blood First Edition Paper on November 3, 2005; DOI 10.1182/blood-2005-05-2016. This Article Full Text (PDF) All Versions of this Article: 2005-05-2016v1 107/5/2022    most recent Alert me when this article is cited Alert me if a correction is posted Services Email this article to a friend Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Rights and Permissions Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via CrossRef Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Kvale, E. O Articles by Olweus, J. Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Kvale, E. O Articles by Olweus, J. Social Bookmarking                   What's this?  Previous Article  |  Next Article  Submitted May 19, 2005 Accepted October 18, 2005 CD11c+ dendritic cells (DCs) and plasmacytoid DCs are activated by human cytomegalovirus and retain efficient T cell-stimulatory capability upon infection Espen O Kvale*, Jakob Dalgaard, Fridtjof Lund-Johansen, Halvor Rollag, Lorant Farkas, Karsten Midtvedt, Frode L Jahnsen, Jan E Brinchmann, and Johanna Olweus Laboratory for Immunohistochemistry and Immunopathology, Institute of Pathology, University of Oslo, Rikshospitalet University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Institute of Immunology, Rikshospitalet University Hospital, Oslo, Norway Institute of Immunology, Rikshospitalet University Hospital, Oslo, Norway Institute of Immunology, Rikshospitalet University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology, University of Oslo, Rikshospitalet University Hospital, Oslo, Norway Institute of Medical Microbiology, Rikshospitalet University Hospital, Oslo, Norway Laboratory for Immunohistochemistry and Immunopathology, Institute of Pathology, University of Oslo, Rikshospitalet University Hospital, Oslo, Norway Department of Medicine, Section of Nephrology, University of Oslo, Rikshospitalet University Hospital, Oslo, Norway * Corresponding author; email: e.o.kvale{at}medisin.uio.no. Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) has been suggested to evade the immune system by infecting and paralyzing antigen-presenting cells. This view is mainly based on studies of dendritic cells (DCs) obtained after culture of monocytes (moDCs). It is contradicted by the asymptomatic course of HCMV infection in healthy individuals, indicating that other key antigen-presenting cells induce an efficient immune response. Here, we show that HCMV activates CD11c+ DCs and plasmacytoid dendritic cells (PDCs). In contrast to moDCs, CD11c+ DCs and PDCs produced type I interferon (IFN) when exposed to HCMV. Autocrine type I IFN partially protected CD11c+ DCs against infection, whereas PDCs were resistant to HCMV even when type I IFN activity was inhibited. HCMV exposure induced maturation of CD11c+ DCs by type I IFN-dependent and -independent mechanisms. Importantly, CD11c+ DCs infected by inhibiting type I IFN activity retained full capacity to stimulate T cells. Kidney transplant recipients on immunosuppressive treatment had lower frequencies of CD11c+ DCs and PDCs in blood than healthy individuals. The results show that HCMV activates the immune system by interacting with CD11c+ DCs and PDCs, and that transplant recipients have low frequencies of these cell types in blood. CiteULike    Connotea    Del.icio.us    Digg    Reddit    Technorati    What's this? This article has been cited by other articles: D. Piccioli, C. Sammicheli, S. Tavarini, S. Nuti, E. Frigimelica, A. G.O. Manetti, A. Nuccitelli, S. Aprea, S. Valentini, E. Borgogni, et al. Human plasmacytoid dendritic cells are unresponsive to bacterial stimulation and require a novel type of cooperation with myeloid dendritic cells for maturation Blood, April 30, 2009; 113(18): 4232 - 4239. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] R. K. Reeves and P. N. Fultz Characterization of Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells in Bone Marrow of Pig-Tailed Macaques Clin. Vaccine Immunol., January 1, 2008; 15(1): 35 - 41. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] C. S. Wagner, L. Walther-Jallow, E. Buentke, H.-G. Ljunggren, A. Achour, and B. J. Chambers Human cytomegalovirus-derived protein UL18 alters the phenotype and function of monocyte-derived dendritic cells J. Leukoc. Biol., January 1, 2008; 83(1): 56 - 63. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] S. Varani, M. Cederarv, S. Feld, C. Tammik, G. Frascaroli, M. P. Landini, and C. Soderberg-Naucler Human Cytomegalovirus Differentially Controls B Cell and T Cell Responses through Effects on Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells J. Immunol., December 1, 2007; 179(11): 7767 - 7776. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] E. O. Kvale, Y. Floisand, F. Lund-Johansen, H. Rollag, L. Farkas, S. Ghanekar, P. Brandtzaeg, F. L. Jahnsen, and J. Olweus Plasmacytoid DCs regulate recall responses by rapid induction of IL-10 in memory T cells Blood, April 15, 2007; 109(8): 3369 - 3376. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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