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Blood, 15 January 2006, Vol. 107, No. 2, pp. 610-618.
Prepublished online as a Blood First Edition Paper on September 20, 2005; DOI 10.1182/blood-2005-06-2271.
 Previous Article | Next Article 
Submitted June 7, 2005
Accepted September 2, 2005
Fc RI and Toll-Like Receptors Mediate Synergistic Signals to Markedly Augment Production of Inflammatory Cytokines in Murine Mast Cells
Huihong Qiao, Marcus V Andrade, Felipe A Lisboa, Katrina Morgan, and Michael A Beaven*
Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
* Corresponding author; email: beavenm{at}nhlbi.nih.gov.
Mast cells mediate both IgE-dependent allergic reactions and protective responses against acute infections possibly through the activation of Toll-like receptors (TLRs). We find that antigen interacts synergistically with TLR2 and TLR4 ligands to markedly enhance production of cytokines in murine mast cell lines. However, the TLR ligands neither stimulated degranulation and release of arachidonic acid nor influenced such responses to antigen probably because these ligands failed to generate a necessary calcium signal. The enhanced cytokine production could be attributed to synergistic activation of mitogen activated protein kinases in addition to the engagement of a more effective repertoire of transcription factors for cytokine gene transcription. The synergistic interactions of TLR ligands and antigen might have relevance to the exacerbation of IgE-mediated allergic diseases by infectious agents.
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