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Blood, 15 March 2006, Vol. 107, No. 6, pp. 2409-2414. Prepublished online as a Blood First Edition Paper on November 22, 2005; DOI 10.1182/blood-2005-06-2399. This Article Full Text (PDF) All Versions of this Article: 2005-06-2399v1 107/6/2409    most recent Alert me when this article is cited Alert me if a correction is posted Services Email this article to a friend Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Rights and Permissions Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via CrossRef Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Ahmadzadeh, M. Articles by Rosenberg, S. A Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Ahmadzadeh, M. Articles by Rosenberg, S. A Social Bookmarking                   What's this?  Previous Article  |  Next Article  Submitted June 16, 2005 Accepted October 30, 2005 IL-2 Administration Increases CD4+CD25hiFoxp3+ Regulatory T Cells in Cancer Patients Mojgan Ahmadzadeh and Steven A Rosenberg* National Institutes of Health, Surgery Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA * Corresponding author; email: sar{at}nih.gov. Interleukin-2 (IL-2) is historically known as a T cell growth factor. Accumulating evidence from knockout mice suggests that IL-2 is crucial for the homeostasis and function of CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells in vivo. However, the impact of administered IL-2 in an immune intact host has not been studied in rodents or humans. Here, we studied the impact of IL-2 administration on the frequency and function of human CD4+CD25hi T cells in immune intact patients with melanoma or renal cancer. We found that the frequency of CD4+CD25hi T cells was significantly increased after IL-2 treatment, and these cells expressed phenotypic markers associated with regulatory T cells. In addition, both transcript and protein levels of Foxp3, a transcription factor exclusively expressed on regulatory T cells, were also consistently increased in purified CD4 T cells following IL-2 treatment. Functional analysis of the increased number of CD4+CD25hi T cells revealed that this population exhibited potent suppressive activity in vitro. Collectively, our results demonstrate that administration of high dose IL-2 increased the frequency of circulating CD4+CD25hi Foxp3+ regulatory T cells. Our findings suggest that selective inhibition of IL-2 mediated enhancement of regulatory T cells may improve the therapeutic effectiveness of IL-2 administration. CiteULike    Connotea    Del.icio.us    Digg    Reddit    Technorati    What's this? This article has been cited by other articles: C. Berger, M. 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