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Blood, 15 March 2006, Vol. 107, No. 6, pp. 2423-2431. Prepublished online as a Blood First Edition Paper on November 17, 2005; DOI 10.1182/blood-2005-07-2709. This Article Full Text (PDF) All Versions of this Article: 2005-07-2709v1 107/6/2423    most recent Alert me when this article is cited Alert me if a correction is posted Services Email this article to a friend Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Rights and Permissions Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via CrossRef Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Ito, T. Articles by Liu, Y.-J. Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Ito, T. Articles by Liu, Y.-J. Social Bookmarking                   What's this?  Previous Article  |  Next Article  Submitted July 8, 2005 Accepted November 1, 2005 The specialization, kinetics, and repertoire of type I interferon responses by human plasmacytoid pre-dendritic cells Tomoki Ito, Holger Kanzler, Omar Duramad, Wei Cao, and Yong-Jun Liu* Department of Immunology and Center for Cancer Immunology Research, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA DNAX Research Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Palo Alto, CA, USA * Corresponding author; email: yjliu{at}mdanderson.org. Resent studies suggest plasmacytoid pre-dendritic cells (pDCs) and myeloid dendritic cells (mDCs) have the functional plasticity to produce similar amounts of type I interferons (IFNs) and interleukin (IL)-12. These challenge the concept and existence of DC subsets with distinct function. In this study we demonstrate that the previous studies showing that human pDCs produce large amounts of IL-12 are due to the contaminating mDCs. Using highly purified human DC subsets, we found that while pDCs make 300 times more IFN- than mDCs, and mDCs make 13 times more IL-12 p70 than pDCs in response to all the toll-like receptor ligands plus CD40-ligands. pDCs rapidly make large amounts of IFN- within the first 12 hour after activation and become refractory to further stimulation. pDCs preferentially expressed the transcriptional factors critical for type 1 IFNs and but not for IL-12 transcription and dedicate 60% of new transcriptional activity to make 19 type I IFN subtypes. This study provides the formal proves that the plasticity of DC subsets is limited and different DC subsets are evolved to perform distinct function in linking innate and adaptive immunity. CiteULike    Connotea    Del.icio.us    Digg    Reddit    Technorati    What's this? 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