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Blood, 1 April 2006, Vol. 107, No. 7, pp. 2686-2693.
Prepublished online as a Blood First Edition Paper on December 1, 2005; DOI 10.1182/blood-2005-07-2798.


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Submitted July 14, 2005
Accepted November 22, 2005

Id helix-loop-helix proteins negatively regulate TRANCE-mediated osteoclast differentiation

Junwon Lee, Kabsun Kim, Jung Ha Kim, Hye Mi Jin, Han Kyung Choi, Seoung-Hoon Lee, Hyun Kook, Kyung Keun Kim, Yoshifumi Yokota, Soo Young Lee, Yongwon Choi, and Nacksung Kim*

Medical Research Center for Gene Regulation, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea, Republic of
Division of Molecular Life Sciences and Center for Cell Signaling Research, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea, Republic of
Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
Department of Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Fukui, Matsuoka, Fukui, Japan

* Corresponding author; email: nacksung{at}jnu.ac.kr.

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-related activation-induced cytokine (TRANCE) induces osteoclast formation from monocyte/macrophage lineage cells via various transcription factors, including microphthalmia transcription factor (Mitf). Here, we show that inhibitors of differentiation/DNA binding (Ids), helix-loop-helix (HLH) transcription factors, negatively regulate TRANCE-induced osteoclast differentiation. Expression levels of Id-1, Id-2, and Id-3 genes are significantly reduced by TRANCE during osteoclastogenesis. Interestingly, overexpression of the three Id genes in bone marrow-derived monocyte/macrophage lineage cells (BMMs) inhibits the formation of TRAP-positive multinuclear osteoclasts, but it does not alter the ability of BMMs to either phagocytose or differentiate into dendritic cells (DCs). Overexpression of Id2 in BMMs attenuates the gene induction of NFATc1 and osteoclast-associated receptor (OSCAR) during TRANCE-mediated osteoclastogenesis. Furthermore, Id proteins interact with Mitf, a basic HLH (bHLH) transcription factor, and inhibit its transactivation of OSCAR, which is a costimulatory receptor expressed by osteoclast precursors, by attenuating the DNA binding ability of Mitf to the E-box site of OSCAR promoter. Taken together, our results reveal both a new facet of negative regulation, mediated by Id proteins, as well as the mechanism whereby TRANCE signaling overcomes it, allowing osteoclastogenesis to proceed.


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