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Blood, 1 July 2006, Vol. 108, No. 1, pp. 319-327.
Prepublished online as a Blood First Edition Paper on March 9, 2006; DOI 10.1182/blood-2005-07-2815.
Previous Article | Next Article 
Submitted July 14, 2005
Accepted February 19, 2006
BCR/ABL kinase induces self-mutagenesis via reactive oxygen species to encode imatinib resistance
Mateusz Koptyra, Rafal Falinski, Michal O Nowicki, Tomasz Stoklosa, Ireneusz Majsterek, Margaret Nieborowska-Skorska, Janusz Blasiak, and Tomasz Skorski*
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
Center for Biotechnology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
Center for Biotechnology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Immunology, The Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
* Corresponding author; email: tskorski{at}temple.edu.
Mutations in the BCR/ABL kinase domain play a major role in resistance to imatinib mesylate (IM). We report here that BCR/ABL kinase stimulates reactive oxygen species (ROS), which elevate oxidative DNA damage and cause mutations in the kinase domain. The majority of mutations involved A/T G/C and G/C A/T transitions, a phenotype detected previously in patients, which encoded clinically relevant amino acid substitutions causing IM resistance. This effect was reduced in cells expressing BCR/ABL[Y177F] mutant, which does not elevate ROS. Inhibition of ROS in leukemia cells by the anti-oxidants pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC), N-acetylcysteine (NAC), and vitamin E (VE) decreased the mutagenesis rate and frequency of IM resistance. Simultaneous administration of IM and an anti-oxidant exerted better anti-mutagenic effect than an anti-oxidant alone. Therefore, inhibition of ROS should diminish mutagenesis and enhance the effectiveness of IM.

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