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Blood, 1 April 2006, Vol. 107, No. 7, pp. 2806-2813. Prepublished online as a Blood First Edition Paper on December 8, 2005; DOI 10.1182/blood-2005-08-3255. This Article Full Text (PDF) Supplemental Figure All Versions of this Article: 2005-08-3255v1 107/7/2806    most recent Alert me when this article is cited Alert me if a correction is posted Services Email this article to a friend Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Rights and Permissions Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via CrossRef Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Di Genova, G. Articles by Stevenson, F. K Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Di Genova, G. Articles by Stevenson, F. K Social Bookmarking                   What's this?  Previous Article  |  Next Article  Submitted August 11, 2005 Accepted November 14, 2005 Vaccination of human subjects expands both specific and bystander memory T-cells, but antibody production remains vaccine-specific Gianfranco Di Genova, Joanna Roddick, Feargal McNicholl, and Freda K Stevenson* Cancer Sciences Division, Molecular Immunology Group, Southampton University Hospitals Trust, Southampton, Hampshire, United Kingdom * Corresponding author; email: fs{at}soton.ac.uk. Human subjects maintain long-term immunological memory against infective organisms but the mechanism is unclear. CD4+ Th memory cells (Thmem) are pivotal in controlling humoral and cellular responses, therefore their longevity and response to vaccination are critical for maintenance of protective immunity. To probe the dynamics of Thmem response, to antigenic challenge, we investigated subjects following a booster injection with tetanus toxoid (TT). Expansion of TT-specific Thmem, and cytokine production, showed complex kinetics. Strikingly, parallel expansion and cytokine production occurred in pre-existing Thmem cells specific for two other common antigens, Purified Protein Derivative of tuberculin, and Candida albicans. Bystander expansion occurred in Thmem but not in Th naive cells. Antibody production against TT peaked ~2 weeks post-vaccination and gradually declined. However, pre-existing antibody against the other antigens did not change. It appears that, although all Thmem cells are readily stimulated to expand, antibody responses are controlled by antigen availability. These findings relate to the maintenance of memory, and have consequences for assessments of specific T-cell responses to vaccination. CiteULike    Connotea    Del.icio.us    Digg    Reddit    Technorati    What's this? This article has been cited by other articles: M. J. Benson, R. Elgueta, W. Schpero, M. Molloy, W. Zhang, E. Usherwood, and R. J. Noelle Distinction of the memory B cell response to cognate antigen versus bystander inflammatory signals J. Exp. Med., August 31, 2009; 206(9): 2013 - 2025. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] N. H. R. Litjens, M. Huisman, D. Hijdra, B. M. N. Lambrecht, K. J. Stittelaar, and M. G. H. Betjes IL-2 Producing Memory CD4+ T Lymphocytes Are Closely Associated with the Generation of IgG-Secreting Plasma Cells J. Immunol., September 1, 2008; 181(5): 3665 - 3673. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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