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Blood, 1 May 2006, Vol. 107, No. 9, pp. 3617-3623. Prepublished online as a Blood First Edition Paper on January 5, 2006; DOI 10.1182/blood-2005-08-3419. This Article Full Text (PDF) All Versions of this Article: 2005-08-3419v1 107/9/3617    most recent Alert me when this article is cited Alert me if a correction is posted Services Email this article to a friend Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Rights and Permissions Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via CrossRef Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Hanabuchi, S. Articles by Liu, Y.-J. Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Hanabuchi, S. Articles by Liu, Y.-J. Social Bookmarking                   What's this?  Previous Article  |  Next Article  Submitted August 25, 2005 Accepted December 19, 2005 Human plasmacytoid pre-dendritic cells activate NK cells through glucocorticoid-induced tumor necrosis factor receptor-ligand (GITRL) Shino Hanabuchi, Norihiko Watanabe, Yi-Hong Wang, Yui-Hsi Wang, Tomoki Ito, Joanne Shaw, Wei Cao, F X Qin, and Yong-Jun Liu* Department of Immunology and Center for Cancer Immunology Research, The University of Texas, M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA * Corresponding author; email: yjliu{at}mdanderson.org. Plasmacytoid dendritic cells precursors (pDCs) are professional type 1 interferon producing cells, a critical cell type in regulating innate and adaptive immune responses. By microarray gene expression analysis, we found that pDCs activated by virus or CpG-ODN preferentially express the ligand for the glucocorticoid-induced tumor necrosis factor receptor (GITRL), which was confirmed by RT-PCR and flow cytometry analyses. Using the same approaches, we found GITR is expressed by activated NK cells and T cells. We show that pDCs activated by CpG-ODN promote NK cell cytotoxicity and interferon (IFN)- production through type 1 IFNs and GITRL. Using a GITRL transfected cell line, we further demonstrate that GITRL promotes NK cell cytotoxicity and IFN- production in synergy with IL-2, IFN- and NKG2D triggering. We also demonstrated that pDCs localized in close contact to NK cells in T cell areas of tonsil, and a subpopulation of the pDCs expressed GITRL. This study reveals a novel function of GITR/GITRL in pDC-mediated co-activation of NK cells. CiteULike    Connotea    Del.icio.us    Digg    Reddit    Technorati    What's this? 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