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Blood, 1 May 2006, Vol. 107, No. 9, pp. 3511-3519.
Prepublished online as a Blood First Edition Paper on January 5, 2006; DOI 10.1182/blood-2005-08-3454.
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Submitted August 26, 2005
Accepted December 26, 2005
Notch-dependent T lineage commitment occurs at extrathymic sites following bone marrow transplantation
Ivan Maillard, Benjamin A Schwarz, Arivazhagan Sambandam, Terry Fang, Olga Shestova, Lanwei Xu, Avinash Bhandoola, and Warren S Pear*
Division of Hematology-Oncology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Institute for Medicine and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
* Corresponding author; email: wpear{at}mail.med.upenn.edu.
Early T lineage progenitors (ETPs) arise after colonization of the thymus by multipotent bone marrow progenitors. ETPs likely serve as physiologic progenitors of T cell development in adult mice, although alternative T cell differentiation pathways may exist. While investigating mechanisms of T cell reconstitution after bone marrow transplantation (BMT), we found that efficient donor-derived thymopoiesis occurred before the pool of ETPs had been replenished. Simultaneously, T lineage restricted progenitors were generated at extrathymic sites, both in the spleen and in peripheral lymph nodes, but not in the bone marrow or liver. The generation of these T lineage-committed cells occurred through a Notch-dependent differentiation process. Multipotent bone marrow progenitors efficiently gave rise to extrathymic T lineage committed cells, while common lymphoid progenitors did not. Our data show plasticity of T lineage commitment sites in the post-BMT environment and indicate that Notch-driven extrathymic T lineage commitment from multipotent progenitors may contribute to early T lineage reconstitution after BMT.

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