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Blood, 1 June 2006, Vol. 107, No. 11, pp. 4354-4363.
Prepublished online as a Blood First Edition Paper on February 2, 2006; DOI 10.1182/blood-2005-08-3465.


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Submitted August 26, 2005
Accepted January 17, 2006

KLF2 provokes a gene expression pattern that establishes functional quiescent differentiation of the endothelium

Rob J Dekker, Reinier A Boon, Mariska G Rondaij, Astrid Kragt, Oscar L Volger, Yvonne W Elderkamp, Joost C Meijers, Jan Voorberg, Hans Pannekoek, and Anton J Horrevoets*

Department of Medical Biochemistry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Sanquin Research and the Landsteiner Laboratory of the Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Department of Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

* Corresponding author; email: a.j.horrevoets{at}amc.uva.nl.

The flow-responsive transcription factor KLF2 is acquiring a leading role in the regulation of endothelial cell gene expression. A genome-wide micro-array expression profiling is described employing Lentivirus-mediated, 7-day overexpression of human KLF2 at levels observed under prolonged flow. KLF2 is not involved in lineage-typing as 42 endothelial-specific markers were unaffected. Rather, KLF2 generates a gene transcription profile ( >1000 genes) affecting key functional pathways such as cell migration, vasomotor function, inflammation and haemostasis, and induces a morphology change typical for shear exposure, including stress fiber formation. Protein levels for thrombomodulin, endothelial nitric oxide synthase and plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1 are altered to atheroprotective levels, even in the presence of the inflammatory cytokine TNF-{alpha}. KLF2 attenuates cell migration by affecting multiple genes, including VEGFR2 and the potent anti-migratory SEMA3F. The distribution of Weibel-Palade bodies in cultured cell populations is normalized at the single cell level without interfering with their regulated, RalA-dependent release. In contrast, thrombin-induced release of Weibel-Palade bodies is significantly attenuated, consistent with the proposed role of vWF release at low-shear stress regions of the vasculature in atherosclerosis. These results establish that KLF2 acts as a central transcriptional switch point between the quiescent and activated states of the adult endothelial cell.


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