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Failure to detect evidence of human T-lymphotropic virus (HTLV) type I and
type II in blood donors with isolated gag antibodies to HTLV-I/II
RB Lal, DL Rudolph, JE Coligan, SK Brodine and CR Roberts
Retrovirus Diseases Branch, Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta, GA 30333.
Of the 267,650 blood donations from members of the US armed forces, 72
(0.027%) were serologically confirmed to be positive for human T-
lymphotropic virus type I/II (HTLVpos) and 379 (0.14%) were Western blot
(WB)-indeterminate with banding pattern restricted to the proteins encoded
by the gag gene only (HTLVind). To determine whether these apparently
healthy HTLVind blood donors are infected with HTLV-I or HTLV-II, coded
specimens from randomly selected military blood donors (n = 73) were tested
for antibodies to HTLV by WB and radioimmunoprecipitation assay (RIPA)
using HTLV-I (MT-2) antigens, by enzyme immunoassay using synthetic
peptides representing the immunodominant epitopes of HTLV, and for
sequences of proviral HTLV DNA by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Of
the 73 HTLVind donors, none showed presence of env reactivity by HTLV WB
and RIPA. Minimal reactivity was observed with synthetic immunodominant
motifs derived from the env protein of HTLV-I (Env-1(191-214) and
Env-5(242-257)) or HTLV-II (Env-2(187-209) and Env-20(85-102)) and gag
protein (Gag-1a(102- 117) and Gag-10(364-385)). A peptide corresponding to
the endogenous retroviral sequence with structural homologies to the gag
protein of HTLVs (RTVLgag) reacted with antibodies not only in HTLVpos
(88%) and HTLVind (42% to 66%) specimens, but also reacted with normal
control subjects (60%). Furthermore, none of the 73 HTLVind specimens
demonstrated presence of the HTLV genome when amplified with primers for
the pol and tax/rex region. Six to 23 months from the initial test, 27
subjects still gave indeterminate WB patterns, and 13 of these repeat
specimens were still negative for the presence of HTLV genome. We conclude
that individuals at low risk for HTLV infection who have HTLVind WB
reactivity are rarely, if ever, infected with HTLV-I or HTLV- II.
Volume 80,
Issue 2,
pp. 544-550,
07/15/1992
Copyright © 1992 by The American Society of Hematology
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