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Identification and culture of Kaposi's sarcoma-like spindle cells from the
peripheral blood of human immunodeficiency virus-1-infected individuals and
normal controls [see comments]
PJ Browning, JM Sechler, M Kaplan, RH Washington, R Gendelman, R Yarchoan, B Ensoli and RC Gallo
Laboratory of Tumor Cell Biology, National Cancer Institute, National
Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892.
We examined 26 patients with human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1)-
associated Kaposi's sarcoma (KS), and 76 HIV-1-infected (HIV-1+) people
without KS or uninfected (HIV-1-) controls for the presence of circulating
KS-like spindle cells. Adherent cells that had spindle morphology and
several characteristics of spindle cells of KS lesions (KS cells) were
identified in the peripheral blood mononuclear cell fraction only after
culture in the presence of conditioned medium (CM) from activated
lymphocytes. The peripheral blood-derived spindle cells (PBsc) expressed a
variety of endothelial cell markers, such as Ulex europaeus I lectin, EN4,
EN2/3, EN7/44, CD13, CD34, CD36, CD54, ELAM-1, and HLA-DR. However, they
were negative for CD2, CD19, PaIE, and factor VIII-related antigen. The
PBsc produced angiogenic factors as evidenced by the ability of CM from
these cells to promote growth of normal vascular endothelial cells. In
addition, subcutaneously injected PBsc stimulated angiogenesis in vivo in
athymic nude mice. We determined that the number of PBsc grown from the
peripheral blood of HIV-1+ patients with KS or at high risk to develop KS
were increased by 78- fold (P = .0001) and 18-fold (P = .005),
respectively, when compared with HIV-1- controls. The number of spindle
cells cultured from the HIV- 1+ patients at low risk for developing KS, eg,
HIV-1+ injection drug users, showed no statistical increase when compared
with HIV-1- controls. The presence of increased PBsc with characteristics
of KS cells in HIV-1+ KS patients or patients at high risk for developing
KS gives insights into the origin of KS cells and may explain the
multifocal nature of the disease. In addition, this may be useful in
predicting the risk of KS development.
Volume 84,
Issue 8,
pp. 2711-2720,
10/15/1994
Copyright © 1994 by The American Society of Hematology
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