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Characterization of RAFTK, a novel focal adhesion kinase, and its
integrin-dependent phosphorylation and activation in megakaryocytes
J Li, H Avraham, RA Rogers, S Raja and S Avraham
Division of Hematology/Oncology, Deaconess Hospital, Department of
Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
We have recently isolated a cDNA encoding a novel human intracellular
tyrosine kinase, termed RAFTK (for a related adhesion focal tyrosine
kinase). The RAFTK cDNA, which encodes a polypeptide of 1,009 amino acids,
shares 65% homology to the focal adhesion kinase (FAK), including several
consensus motifs. In this report, we describe the biochemical
characterization and functional analysis of the RAFTK protein. Coexpression
of RAFTK and FAK proteins in megakaryocytic cells and blood platelets was
observed. Using a specific antibody to RAFTK and the monoclonal antibody
2A7 to FAK, FAK and RAFTK could be distinguished antigenically. RAFTK had
intrinsic tyrosine kinase and autokinase activities. It was phosphorylated
on tyrosine in growing cultures of COS cells transfected with the
pCDNAIII/flag-RAFTK expression vector containing the RAFTK cDNA ligated
with the 8 amino acid flag peptide sequence. Similar to FAK,
dephosphorylation of RAFTK was observed when adherent transfected COS cells
were detached. Phosphorylation was regained upon replating of these cells
on the fibronectincoated dishes. Analysis of tyrosine-phosphorylated RAFTK
from adherent transfected COS cells showed that the Src homology 2 (SH2)
domains of the Src and Fyn protein kinases as well as the Grb2 adaptor
protein were able to specifically associate with RAFTK. Tyrosine
phosphorylation of endogenous RAFTK was observed upon fibronectin-induced
activation of human megakaryocytic cells. Furthermore, colocalization of
RAFTK protein with vinculin, a focal adhesion protein, was observed by
confocal microscopy in focal adhesion- like structures in adherent CMK
cells and in transfected pCDNAIII/flag- RAFTK COS cells upon fibronectin
activation. These data suggest that RAFTK is a novel member of the FAK
family, that it localizes to focal adhesion-like structures in CMK
megakaryocytic cells, that it participates in integrinmediated signaling
pathways in megakaryocytes, and that it is able to associate with the
tyrosine kinases Src and Fyn as well as the adaptor protein Grb2 via
SH2-phosphotyrosine interactions.
Volume 88,
Issue 2,
pp. 417-428,
07/15/1996
Copyright © 1996 by The American Society of Hematology

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C. Zheng, Z. Xing, Z. C. Bian, C. Guo, A. Akbay, L. Warner, and J.-L. Guan
Differential Regulation of Pyk2 and Focal Adhesion Kinase (FAK). THE C-TERMINAL DOMAIN OF FAK CONFERS RESPONSE TO CELL ADHESION
J. Biol. Chem.,
January 23, 1998;
273(4):
2384 - 2389.
[Abstract]
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A. E. Brinson, T. Harding, P. A. Diliberto, Y. He, X. Li, D. Hunter, B. Herman, H. S. Earp, and L. M. Graves
Regulation of a Calcium-dependent Tyrosine Kinase in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells by Angiotensin II and Platelet-derived Growth Factor. DEPENDENCE ON CALCIUM AND THE ACTIN CYTOSKELETON
J. Biol. Chem.,
January 16, 1998;
273(3):
1711 - 1718.
[Abstract]
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M. Matsuya, H. Sasaki, H. Aoto, T. Mitaka, K. Nagura, T. Ohba, M. Ishino, S. Takahashi, R. Suzuki, and T. Sasaki
Cell Adhesion Kinase beta Forms a Complex with a New Member, Hic-5, of Proteins Localized at Focal Adhesions
J. Biol. Chem.,
January 9, 1998;
273(2):
1003 - 1014.
[Abstract]
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H. Okazaki, J. Zhang, M. M. Hamawy, and R. P. Siraganian
Activation of Protein-tyrosine Kinase Pyk2 Is Downstream of Syk in Fcepsilon RI Signaling
J. Biol. Chem.,
December 19, 1997;
272(51):
32443 - 32447.
[Abstract]
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J.-F. Wang, R. K. Ganju, Z.-Y. Liu, H. Avraham, S. Avraham, and J. E. Groopman
Signal Transduction in Human Hematopoietic Cells by Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Related Protein, a Novel Ligand for the FLT4 Receptor
Blood,
November 1, 1997;
90(9):
3507 - 3515.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
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M. D. Schaller and T. Sasaki
Differential Signaling by the Focal Adhesion Kinase and Cell Adhesion Kinase beta
J. Biol. Chem.,
October 3, 1997;
272(40):
25319 - 25325.
[Abstract]
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Z.-Y. Liu, R. K. Ganju, J.-F. Wang, K. Schweitzer, B. Weksler, S. Avraham, and J. E. Groopman
Characterization of Signal Transduction Pathways in Human Bone Marrow Endothelial Cells
Blood,
September 15, 1997;
90(6):
2253 - 2259.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
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A. Astier, S. N. Manie, H. Avraham, H. Hirai, S. F. Law, Y. Zhang, E. A. Golemis, Y. Fu, B. J. Druker, N. Haghayeghi, et al.
The Related Adhesion Focal Tyrosine Kinase Differentially Phosphorylates p130Cas and the Cas-like Protein, p105HEF1
J. Biol. Chem.,
August 8, 1997;
272(32):
19719 - 19724.
[Abstract]
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M. Sattler, R. Salgia, G. Shrikhande, S. Verma, N. Uemura, S. F. Law, E. A. Golemis, and J. D. Griffin
Differential Signaling after beta 1 Integrin Ligation Is Mediated Through Binding of CRKL to p120CBL and p110HEF1
J. Biol. Chem.,
May 30, 1997;
272(22):
14320 - 14326.
[Abstract]
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X. Li and H. S. Earp
Paxillin Is Tyrosine-phosphorylated by and Preferentially Associates with the Calcium-dependent Tyrosine Kinase in Rat Liver Epithelial Cells
J. Biol. Chem.,
May 30, 1997;
272(22):
14341 - 14348.
[Abstract]
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D. D. Schlaepfer and T. Hunter
Focal Adhesion Kinase Overexpression Enhances Ras-dependent Integrin Signaling to ERK2/Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase through Interactions with and Activation of c-Src
J. Biol. Chem.,
May 16, 1997;
272(20):
13189 - 13195.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
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D. Hiregowdara, H. Avraham, Y. Fu, R. London, and S. Avraham
Tyrosine Phosphorylation of the Related Adhesion Focal Tyrosine Kinase in Megakaryocytes upon Stem Cell Factor and Phorbol Myristate Acetate Stimulation and Its Association with Paxillin
J. Biol. Chem.,
April 18, 1997;
272(16):
10804 - 10810.
[Abstract]
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S. Raja, S. Avraham, and H. Avraham
Tyrosine Phosphorylation of the Novel Protein-tyrosine Kinase RAFTK during an Early Phase of Platelet Activation by an Integrin Glycoprotein IIb-IIIa-independent Mechanism
J. Biol. Chem.,
April 18, 1997;
272(16):
10941 - 10947.
[Abstract]
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R. K. Ganju, W. C. Hatch, H. Avraham, M. A. Ona, B. Druker, S. Avraham, and J. E. Groopman
RAFTK, a Novel Member of the Focal Adhesion Kinase Family, Is Phosphorylated and Associates with Signaling Molecules upon Activation of Mature T Lymphocytes
J. Exp. Med.,
March 17, 1997;
185(6):
1055 - 1064.
[Abstract]
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J. Liu, P. Oh, T. Horner, R. A. Rogers, and J. E. Schnitzer
Organized Endothelial Cell Surface Signal Transduction in Caveolae Distinct from Glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored Protein Microdomains
J. Biol. Chem.,
March 14, 1997;
272(11):
7211 - 7222.
[Abstract]
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A. Astier, H. Avraham, S. N. Manie, J. Groopman, T. Canty, S. Avraham, and A. S. Freedman
The Related Adhesion Focal Tyrosine Kinase Is Tyrosine-phosphorylated after beta 1-Integrin Stimulation in B Cells and Binds to p130cas
J. Biol. Chem.,
January 3, 1997;
272(1):
228 - 232.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
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D Ilic, C. Damsky, and T Yamamoto
Focal adhesion kinase: at the crossroads of signal transduction
J. Cell Sci.,
January 2, 1997;
110(4):
401 - 407.
[Abstract]
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R. Salgia, S. Avraham, E. Pisick, J.-L. Li, S. Raja, E. A. Greenfield, M. Sattler, H. Avraham, and J. D. Griffin
The Related Adhesion Focal Tyrosine Kinase Forms a Complex with Paxillin in Hematopoietic Cells
J. Biol. Chem.,
December 6, 1996;
271(49):
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[Abstract]
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R. K. Ganju, S. A. Brubaker, R. D. Chernock, S. Avraham, and J. E. Groopman
beta -Chemokine Receptor CCR5 Signals through SHP1, SHP2, and Syk
J. Biol. Chem.,
June 2, 2000;
275(23):
17263 - 17268.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
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J. M. Watson, T. W. Harding, V. Golubovskaya, J. S. Morris, D. Hunter, X. Li, J. S. Haskill, and H. S. Earp
Inhibition of the Calcium-dependent Tyrosine Kinase (CADTK) Blocks Monocyte Spreading and Motility
J. Biol. Chem.,
January 26, 2001;
276(5):
3536 - 3542.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
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F. Anfosso, N. Bardin, E. Vivier, F. Sabatier, J. Sampol, and F. Dignat-George
Outside-in Signaling Pathway Linked to CD146 Engagement in Human Endothelial Cells
J. Biol. Chem.,
January 5, 2001;
276(2):
1564 - 1569.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
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L. T. Duong, I. Nakamura, P. T. Lakkakorpi, L. Lipfert, A. J. Bett, and G. A. Rodan
Inhibition of Osteoclast Function by Adenovirus Expressing Antisense Protein-tyrosine Kinase 2
J. Biol. Chem.,
March 2, 2001;
276(10):
7484 - 7492.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
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P. D. Lyons, J. M. Dunty, E. M. Schaefer, and M. D. Schaller
Inhibition of the Catalytic Activity of Cell Adhesion Kinase beta by Protein-tyrosine Phosphatase-PEST-mediated Dephosphorylation
J. Biol. Chem.,
June 22, 2001;
276(26):
24422 - 24431.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
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S.-Y. Park, H. Avraham, and S. Avraham
Characterization of the Tyrosine Kinases RAFTK/Pyk2 and FAK in Nerve Growth Factor-induced Neuronal Differentiation
J. Biol. Chem.,
June 23, 2000;
275(26):
19768 - 19777.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
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