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Vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 is involved in mediating hypoxia- induced
sickle red blood cell adherence to endothelium: potential role in sickle
cell disease
BN Setty and MJ Stuart
Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, St Christopher's Hospital for
Children, Philadelphia, PA 19134-1095, USA.
We investigated the effects of hypoxia on red blood cell (RBC)- endothelial
cell (EC) adherence and the potential mechanism(s) involved in mediating
this effect. We report that hypoxia significantly increased sickle RBC
adherence to aortic EC when compared with the normoxia controls. However,
hypoxia had no effect on the adherence of normal RBCs. In additional
studies, we found that the least dense sickle RBCs containing CD36+ and
VLA-4+ reticulocytes were involved in hypoxia-induced adherence. We next
evaluated the effects of hypoxia on the expression of EC surface receptors
involved in RBC adherence to macrovascular ECs, including vascular cell
adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM- 1), intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1),
and the vitronectin receptor (VnR). Hypoxia upregulated the expression of
both VCAM-1 and ICAM-1, whereas no effect on VnR was noted. Potential
involvement of VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 in mediating hypoxia-induced sickle RBC-EC
adhesion was next investigated using monoclonal antibodies against these
receptors. Whereas anti-VCAM-1 had no effect on basal adherence, it
inhibited hypoxia-induced sickle RBC adherence in a concentration-
dependent manner, with 50% to 75% inhibition noted at 10 to 60
micrograms/mL antibody (n = 6, P < .05 to P < .01). Anti-ICAM-1 (10
to 60 micrograms/mL, n = 8) had no effect on either basal or hypoxia-
induced adherence. As noted in the bovine aortic ECs, hypoxia stimulated
the adherence of sickle RBCs to human retinal capillary ECs, and this
response appeared to be mediated via mechanisms similar to those observed
with macro-endothelium, ie, via the adhesive receptor combination
VCAM-1-VLA-4. Our studies show that hypoxia enhances sickle RBC adhesion to
both macrovascular and human microvascular ECs via the adhesive receptor
VCAM-1. Our findings are of interest because hypoxia is an integral part of
the pathophysiology of the vaso-occlusive phenomenon in sickle cell anemia.
Volume 88,
Issue 6,
pp. 2311-2320,
09/15/1996
Copyright © 1996 by The American Society of Hematology
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