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Detection of bcr-abl transcripts in Philadelphia chromosome-positive acute
lymphoblastic leukemia after marrow transplantation
J Radich, G Gehly, A Lee, R Avery, E Bryant, S Edmands, T Gooley, P Kessler, J Kirk, P Ladne, ED Thomas and FR Appelbaum
Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center,
Seattle, WA 98104, USA.
Thirty-six patients with Philadelphia chromosome-positive acute
lymphoblastic leukemia (Ph+ ALL) were studied for the presence of the
bcr-abl fusion mRNA transcript after an allogeneic matched related (N =
12), partially matched related (N = 4), matched unrelated (N = 14),
autologous (N = 5), or syngeneic (N = 1) bone marrow transplant (BMT).
Seventeen were transplanted in relapse, and 19 were transplanted in
remission. Twenty-three patients had at least one positive bcr-abl
polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay after BMT either before a relapse or
without subsequent relapse. Ten of these 23 relapsed after a positive assay
at a median time from first positive PCR assay of 94 days (range, 28 to 416
days). By comparison, only 2 relapses occurred in the 13 patients with no
prior positive PCR assays; both patients had missed at least one scheduled
follow-up assay and were not tested 2 months and 26 months before their
relapse. The unadjusted relative risk (RR) of relapse associated with a
positive PCR assay compared with a negative assay was 5.7 (95% confidence
interval 1.2 to 26.0, P = .025). In addition, the data suggest that the
type of bcr-abl chimeric mRNA detected posttransplant was associated with
the risk of relapse: 7 of 10 patients expressing the p190 bcr-abl relapsed,
compared with 1 of 8 who expressed only the p210 bcr-abl mRNA (P = .02,
log-rank test). The RR of p190 bcr-abl positivity compared to PCR-negative
patients was 11.2 (confidence interval 2.3-54.8, P = 0.003), whereas a
positive test for p210 bcr-abl was apparently not associated with an
increased relative risk. In separate multivariable models, PCR positivity
remained a statistically significant risk factor for relapse after
separately adjusting for donor (unrelated and partially matched v matched,
autologous, and syngeneic), remission status at the time of transplant, the
presence of acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), and type of
conditioning regimen (total body irradiation dose of < or = 1,200 cGy v
> 1,200 cGy). The PCR assay appears to be a useful test for predicting
patients at high risk of relapse after BMT and may identify patients who
might benefit from therapeutic interventions. The finding that the
expression of p190 bcr-abl may portend an especially high risk of relapse
suggests a different clinical and biologic behavior between p190 and p210
bcr-abl.
Volume 89,
Issue 7,
pp. 2602-2609,
04/01/1997
Copyright © 1997 by The American Society of Hematology
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