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p16INK4A Promotes Differentiation and Inhibits Apoptosis of JKB Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Cells
Mitsuyoshi Urashima,
James A. DeCaprio,
Dharminder Chauhan,
Gerrard Teoh,
Atsushi Ogata,
Steven P. Treon,
Yasutaka Hoshi, and
Kenneth C. Anderson
From the Divisions of Hematologic Malignancies and Neoplastic Disease Mechanisms, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and the Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; and the Department of Pediatrics, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
Homozygous p16INK4A (p16) gene deletion is frequent in primary tumor cells from acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), suggesting that loss of p16 may be an important precursor to transformation in ALL. We have previously described JKB, a human ALL cell line, that contains homozygous deletion of the p16 gene. Because ectopic expression of p16 suppresses cell growth, we created a temperature sensitive p16 mutant to develop a system for inducible p16 function in human ALL. JKB cells were transfected either with a p16 gene mutated at position 119 (E119G) to confer temperature sensitivity (JKB p16MT) or with control vector. The percentage of cells in G1 phase was similar in JKB control cells or in JKB p16MT cells cultured at restrictive conditions (40°C). However, with lowering of temperature from 40°C to permissive conditions (31°C), the percentage of JKB p16MT cells in G1 phase and binding of p16 to CDK4 and CDK6 increased, with associated decreases in CDK4 and CDK6 kinase activities, and dephosphorylation of retinoblastoma protein (pRB). Culture of JKB p16MT cells at 31°C for  3 days irreversibly inhibited growth. Moreover, JKB p16MT cells cultured under these permissive conditions showed a less transformed morphology and more differentiated phenotype than did these cells cultured under restrictive temperatures. Finally, dexamethasone (Dex) induced apoptosis of JKB p16MT cells cultured at 40°C, but did not trigger death of these cells cultured at 31°C. These results suggest that deletion of p16 gene in JKB human ALL cells is associated with dysregulated growth of less differentiated tumor cells, which nonetheless remain susceptible to apoptosis triggered by Dex.
Blood, Vol. 90 No. 10 (November 15), 1997:
pp. 4106-4115
© 1997 by The American Society of Hematology.
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