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Myeloma Bone Marrow Plasma Cells: Evidence for Their Capacity as Antigen-Presenting Cells
Qing Yi,
Sunil Dabadghao,
Anders Österborg,
Susanne Bergenbrant, and
Göran Holm
From the Immunological Research Laboratory and Department of Medicine, and the Department of Oncology, Karolinska Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
Myeloma plasma cells constitute 10% to 90% of the total bone marrow cell count in patients with multiple myeloma (MM). These cells express a variety of cell surface markers, such as HLA-ABC and HLA-DR, and surface antigens that are necessary for professional antigen-presenting cells, including adhesion and costimulatory molecules. In this study, we examined the expression of major histocompatability complex (MHC) and costimulatory molecules on CD38(bright,++) plasma cells in bone marrow aspirates from eight MM patients. Small percentages of plasma cells expressed weak but detectable levels of HLA-DR, HLA-DQ, CD40, CD80, and CD86, which could be upregulated by interferon- (IFN-) and tumor necrosis factor- . CD38++ plasma cell and CD38(dim,+) cells were sorted from freshly isolated bone marrow mononuclear cells and tested for their capacity to act as antigen-presenting cells. Indeed, both CD38++ plasma cells and CD38+ cells were able to stimulate allogeneic T cells and present the soluble antigens purified protein derivative and tetanus toxoid to autologous T cells. Recognition of the antigens led to T-cell proliferation and secretion of IFN- and was MHC class-I and -II restricted. Antigen processing and presentation by CD38++ and CD38+ cells were abolished by treatment of the cells with chloroquine. Hence, our study provides for the first time evidence that myeloma plasma cells may act as antigen-presenting cells. Further studies are warranted to examine in detail the molecules required for inducing T-cell stimulation.
Blood, Vol. 90 No. 5 (September 1), 1997:
pp. 1960-1967
© 1997 by The American Society of Hematology.
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