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Blood, Vol. 92 No. 3 (August 1), 1998:
pp. 802-809
Presence of a p53 Gene Deletion in Patients With Multiple Myeloma
Predicts for Short Survival After Conventional-Dose Chemotherapy
Johannes Drach,
Jutta Ackermann,
Elke Fritz,
Elisabeth Krömer,
Rudolf Schuster,
Heinz Gisslinger,
Maria DeSantis,
Niklas Zojer,
Michael Fiegl,
Sebastian Roka,
Judith Schuster,
Renate Heinz,
Heinz Ludwig, and
Heinz Huber
From the First Department of Internal Medicine, the Division of
Clinical Oncology, and the Division of Hematology and Hemostesiology,
University of Vienna, Vienna; First Department of Internal Medicine
with Medical Oncology, Wilhelminenspital, Vienna; Ludwig
Boltzmann-Institute for Leukemia Research and Hematology, and Third
Department of Internal Medicine, Hanusch-Krankenhaus, Vienna; and
Ludwig Boltzmann-Institute for Applied Cancer Research, Kaiser Franz
Josef-Spital, Vienna, Austria.
In multiple myeloma (MM), previous studies showed that mutations of
the p53 gene are rare events in patients with newly diagnosed disease,
but it is not known whether deletions of p53 are of any significance in
MM. To address this question, we used interphase fluorescence in situ
hybridization (FISH) with a DNA probe specific for the p53 locus at
17p13 and investigated bone marrow plasma cells from 72 patients with
MM (59 patients = 81.9% before therapy). By FISH, deletions of
p53, which were found to be predominantly monoallelic, were detected in
32.8% and 54.5% of patients with newly diagnosed and relapsed MM,
respectively. Karyotypes from six of the patients with a p53 deletion
by FISH showed a structural abnormality of 17p in only one of them.
Additional FISH studies including a distal-17p probe (specific for the
D17S34 locus) provided evidence for an interstitial deletion on
17p resulting in loss of p53 hybridization signals in myeloma cells.
Among all 59 patients with newly diagnosed MM, presence of a p53
deletion was associated with stage III (P = .054), but not
with other laboratory and clinical parameters. Patients with a p53
deletion had significantly shorter survival time compared with those
without a deletion, both from the time of diagnosis (median 13.9 v 38.7 months; P < .0001) and from the time of
initiation of induction treatment consisting of conventional dose
chemotherapy (median 15.9 months v median not reached at 38 months; P < .0002). On stepwise multivariate regression
analysis, presence of a p53 deletion was the most significant independent parameter predicting for shortened survival
(P = .002). We conclude that a p53 gene deletion, which can
be identified by interphase FISH in almost a third of patients with
newly diagnosed MM, is a novel prognostic factor predicting for short
survival of MM patients treated with conventional-dose chemotherapy.
© 1998 by The American Society of Hematology.

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