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Blood, Vol. 93 No. 1 (January 1), 1999:
pp. 300-305
Comparison of Interleukin-1 Expression by In Situ Hybridization in
Monoclonal Gammopathy of Undetermined Significance and Multiple Myeloma
Martha Q. Lacy,
Kathleen A. Donovan,
Julie K. Heimbach,
Gregory J. Ahmann, and
John A. Lust
From the Division of Hematology and Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic,
Rochester, MN.
We investigated whether interleukin-1 (IL-1) is differentially
expressed in plasma cells from monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) and multiple myeloma (MM) patients because IL-1
appears to play a major role in the development of lytic bone lesions,
the major clinical feature distinguishing MGUS from myeloma. In situ
hybridization (ISH) for IL-1 was performed using bone marrow
aspirates from 51 MM, 7 smoldering MM, 21 MGUS, and 5 normal control
samples. Using the ISH technique IL-1 mRNA was detectable in the
plasma cells from 49 of 51 patients with active myeloma and 7 of 7 patients with smoldering myeloma. In contrast, 5 of 21 patients with
MGUS and 0 of 5 normal controls had detectable IL-1 message. Bone
lesions were present in 40 of the 51 MM patients analyzed, and all 40 patients had IL-1 mRNA by ISH. These results show that greater than
95% of MM patients but less than 25% of MGUS patients are positive
for IL-1 production. In the future, continued follow-up of IL-1
positive and negative MGUS patients should determine whether aberrant
expression of plasma cell IL-1 is predictive of those MGUS patients
that will eventually progress to active myeloma.
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