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Blood, Vol. 93 No. 9 (May 1), 1999: pp. 3096-3105

CCAAT/Enhancer Binding Protein epsilon  Is Critical for Effective Neutrophil-Mediated Response to Inflammatory Challenge

Julie Lekstrom-Himes and Kleanthis G. Xanthopoulos

From the Clinical Gene Therapy Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD.

Targeted mutation of CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (C/EBP) varepsilon  in mice results in early death, primarily due to spontaneous infection with Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Functional analysis of C/EBPvarepsilon -deficient neutrophils, in an in vivo model of peritoneal inflammation, shows multiple defects. Reduction of phagocytotic killing by C/EBPvarepsilon -deficient neutrophils is a result of decreased uptake of opsonized bacteria as well as little to no expression of secondary granule proteins. Abnormalities in neutrophil migration detected in a chemical peritonitis model are likely secondary to abnormal CD11b integrin and L-selectin expression on C/EBPvarepsilon -deficient neutrophils. Alterations in neutrophil cytokine expression in response to inflammation show decreased levels of interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) and increased levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha ) expression by C/EBPvarepsilon -deficient neutrophils. Additionally, TNF-alpha expression is increased in nonactivated, circulating C/EBPvarepsilon -deficient neutrophils. Overall, C/EBPvarepsilon -deficient neutrophils are severely functionally impaired, evoking an abnormal microenvironment, which may contribute to the loss of normal responses to inflammatory stimuli. Similarities between the C/EBPvarepsilon -deficient mouse model and the human disease, specific granule deficiency, will be discussed.


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