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Blood, Vol. 95 No. 1 (January 1), 2000:
pp. 342-346
Genetic influences on F cells and other hematologic variables:
a twin heritability study
C. Garner,
T. Tatu,
J. E. Reittie,
T. Littlewood,
J. Darley,
S. Cervino,
M. Farrall,
P. Kelly,
T. D. Spector, and
S. L. Thein
From the Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Oxford; Medical
Research Council (MRC) Molecular Hematology Unit, Institute of
Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, Oxford;
Hematology Department, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, Oxford;
Gemini Holdings PLC, Cambridge; and the Twin Research & Genetic
Epidemiology Unit, St Thomas' Hospital, London, United Kingdom.
To assess the relative contribution of genetic factors in the
variation of F cells (FC) and other hematologic variables, we conducted
a classical twin study in unselected twins. The sample included 264 identical (monozygotic [MZ]) twin pairs and 511 nonidentical (dizygotic [DZ]) same-sex twin pairs (aged 20 to 80 years) from the
St. Thomas' UK Adult Twin Register. The FC values were distributed continuously and positively skewed, with values ranging from 0.6% to
22%. FC values were higher in women than in men and decreased with
age, with the variables accounting for 2% of the total FC variance.
The intraclass correlations of FC values were higher in MZ (rMZ = 0.89)
than in DZ (rDZ = 0.49) twins. The XmnI-G
polymorphism in the  -globin gene cluster had a significant effect on
FC levels, accounting for approximately 13% of the total FC variance.
Variance components analysis showed that the FC values were accounted
for predominantly by additive genetic and nonshared environmental
influences, with an estimate of heritability of 0.89. Hemoglobin levels
and red blood cell, white blood cell, and platelet numbers were also
substantially heritable, with heritability estimates of 0.37, 0.42, 0.62, and 0.57, respectively.
Previously, studies of sib pairs with sickle cell disease and isolated
family studies showed that high levels of Hb F and FC tend to be
inherited. Here, our classical twin study demonstrated that the
variance of FC levels in healthy adults is largely genetically determined. (Blood. 2000;95:342-346)
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