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Blood, Vol. 95 No. 8 (April 15), 2000:
pp. 2630-2636
Vascular endothelial growth factor and interleukin-6 in
paracrine tumor-stromal cell interactions in multiple myeloma
Berno Dankbar,
Teresa Padró,
Regine Leo,
Birgit Feldmann,
Martin Kropff,
Rolf M. Mesters,
Hubert Serve,
Wolfgang E. Berdel, and
Joachim Kienast
From the Department of Medicine/Hematology and Oncology, University
of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), a multifunctional
cytokine, potently stimulates angiogenesis including tumor
neovascularization. Although well established in solid tumors, the role
of VEGF in bone marrow neoangiogenesis and paracrine tumor-stromal cell
interactions in lymphohematopoietic malignancies has not been fully
elucidated. In multiple myeloma (MM), marrow neovascularization
parallels disease progression. This parallel prompted us
to investigate the expression and secretion of VEGF by myeloma cells
and its potential effects in myeloma-marrow stroma interactions. The
biologically active splice variants VEGF165 and VEGF121 were expressed
and secreted by myeloma cell lines and plasma cells isolated from the
marrow of patients with MM. As shown by immunocytochemistry or
RT-PCR, myeloma cells did not express or weakly expressed the VEGF receptors FLT-1 and FLK-1/KDR, indicating that autocrine stimulation is unlikely. In contrast, FLK-1/KDR was abundantly expressed by marrow stromal cells. Therefore, we studied the effects of
VEGF on marrow stroma, focusing on the secretion of interleukin-6 (IL-6), a potent growth factor for myeloma cells and an inhibitor of
plasma cell apoptosis. Exposure of stromal and microvascular endothelial cells to recombinant human (rh) VEGF165 or VEGF121 induced
a time- and dose-dependent increase in IL-6 secretion (14- to 27-fold
at 50 ng/mL after 24 hours, P < .001). Conversely, rhIL-6
stimulated VEGF expression and secretion in myeloma cell lines
(40%-60%; P < .05) and to a variable degree (up to
5.3-fold; P < .005) in plasma cells purified from the
marrow of patients with MM. This mutual stimulation suggests paracrine
interactions between myeloma and marrow stromal cells triggered by VEGF
and IL-6.

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