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Blood, 15 November 2000, Vol. 96, No. 10, pp. 3537-3543
NEOPLASIA
Deoxyadenosine analogs induce programmed cell death in chronic
lymphocytic leukemia cells by damaging the DNA and by directly
affecting the mitochondria
Davide Genini,
Souichi Adachi,
Qi Chao,
David W. Rose,
Carlos J. Carrera,
Howard B. Cottam,
Dennis A. Carson, and
Lorenzo M. Leoni
From the Department of Medicine and The Sam and Rose
Stein Institute for Research on Aging and the Department of
Medicine/Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Whittier Diabetes
Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA.
Adenine deoxynucleosides induce apoptosis in quiescent
lymphocytes and are thus useful drugs for the treatment of indolent lymphoproliferative diseases. To explain why deoxyadenosine and its
analogs are toxic to a cell that is not undergoing replicative DNA
synthesis, several mechanisms have been proposed, including the direct
binding of dATP to the pro-apoptotic factor Apaf-1 and the activation
of the caspase-9 and -3 pathways. In this study it is shown, by means
of several assays on whole cells and isolated mitochondria, that
2-chloro-2'-deoxyadenosine (2CdA) and
2-choloro-2'-ara-fluorodeoxyadenosine (CaFdA) disrupt the integrity of
mitochondria from primary chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL) cells.
The nucleoside-induced damage leads to the release of the pro-apoptotic
mitochondrial proteins cytochrome c and apoptosis-inducing factor. The
other adenine deoxynucleosides tested displayed comparable DNA-damaging
potency but did not affect mitochondrial function. Interference with
mitochondrial integrity, thus, may be a factor in the potent cytotoxic
effects of 2CdA and CaFdA toward nondividing lymphocytes.

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