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Blood, 15 November 2000, Vol. 96, No. 10, pp. 3537-3543

NEOPLASIA

Deoxyadenosine analogs induce programmed cell death in chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells by damaging the DNA and by directly affecting the mitochondria

Davide Genini, Souichi Adachi, Qi Chao, David W. Rose, Carlos J. Carrera, Howard B. Cottam, Dennis A. Carson, and Lorenzo M. Leoni

From the Department of Medicine and The Sam and Rose Stein Institute for Research on Aging and the Department of Medicine/Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Whittier Diabetes Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA.

Adenine deoxynucleosides induce apoptosis in quiescent lymphocytes and are thus useful drugs for the treatment of indolent lymphoproliferative diseases. To explain why deoxyadenosine and its analogs are toxic to a cell that is not undergoing replicative DNA synthesis, several mechanisms have been proposed, including the direct binding of dATP to the pro-apoptotic factor Apaf-1 and the activation of the caspase-9 and -3 pathways. In this study it is shown, by means of several assays on whole cells and isolated mitochondria, that 2-chloro-2'-deoxyadenosine (2CdA) and 2-choloro-2'-ara-fluorodeoxyadenosine (CaFdA) disrupt the integrity of mitochondria from primary chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL) cells. The nucleoside-induced damage leads to the release of the pro-apoptotic mitochondrial proteins cytochrome c and apoptosis-inducing factor. The other adenine deoxynucleosides tested displayed comparable DNA-damaging potency but did not affect mitochondrial function. Interference with mitochondrial integrity, thus, may be a factor in the potent cytotoxic effects of 2CdA and CaFdA toward nondividing lymphocytes.

© 2000 by The American Society of Hematology.
 

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