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Blood, 1 December 2000, Vol. 96, No. 12, pp. 3939-3947
NEOPLASIA
AML-1/ETO fusion protein is a dominant negative
inhibitor of transcriptional repression by the promyelocytic leukemia
zinc finger protein
Ari Melnick,
Graeme W. Carlile,
Melanie J. McConnell,
Adam Polinger,
Scott W. Hiebert, and
Jonathan D. Licht
From the Department of Medicine, The Derald H. Ruttenberg Cancer Center, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY;
and the Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of
Medicine, Nashville, TN.
The AML-1/ETO fusion protein, created by the (8;21) translocation
in M2-type acute myelogenous leukemia (AML), is a dominant repressive
form of AML-1. This effect is due to the ability of the ETO portion of
the protein to recruit co-repressors to promoters of AML-1 target
genes. The t(11;17)(q21;q23)-associated acute promyelocytic leukemia
creates the promyelocytic leukemia zinc finger PLZFt/RAR fusion
protein and, in a similar manner, inhibits RAR target gene
expression and myeloid differentiation. PLZF is expressed in
hematopoietic progenitors and functions as a growth suppressor by
repressing cyclin A2 and other targets. ETO is a corepressor for PLZF
and potentiates transcriptional repression by linking PLZF to a histone
deacetylase-containing complex. In transiently transfected cells and in
a cell line derived from a patient with t(8;21) leukemia, PLZF and
AML-1/ETO formed a tight complex. In transient assays, AML-1/ETO
blocked transcriptional repression by PLZF, even at substoichiometric
levels relative to PLZF. This effect was dependent on the presence of
the ETO zinc finger domain, which recruits corepressors, and could not be rescued by overexpression of co-repressors that normally enhance PLZF repression. AML-1/ETO also excluded PLZF from the nuclear matrix
and reduced its ability to bind to its cognate DNA-binding site.
Finally, ETO interacted with PLZF/RAR and enhanced its ability to
repress through the RARE. These data show a link in the transcriptional
pathways of M2 and M3 leukemia.

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