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Blood, Vol. 96 No. 3 (August 1), 2000:
pp. 1119-1124
Fetal hemoglobin in sickle cell disease: relationship to
erythrocyte phosphatidylserine exposure and coagulation activation
B. N. Yamaja Setty,
Surekha Kulkarni,
A. Koneti Rao, and
Marie J. Stuart
From the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Research Hematology,
Jefferson Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University; Department of
Medicine and Thrombosis Research, Temple University School of Medicine;
and The Marian Anderson Comprehensive Sickle Cell Center, Philadelphia,
PA.
In sickle cell disease (SCD), loss of erythrocyte membrane
phospholipid asymmetry occurs with the exposure of phosphatidylserine (PS), which provides a docking site for coagulation proteins. In vivo
sickling/desickling, with resulting red cell membrane changes and
microvesicle formation, appears to be one of the factors responsible
for PS exposure. We evaluated children with SCD homozygous for sickle
hemoglobin (SS disease) and controls (n = 65) and
demonstrate that high levels of fetal hemoglobin (assessed as F cells)
are associated with decreased microvesicle formation, PS exposure, and
thrombin generation. F cells correlated inversely with both microvesicles and PS positivity (P < .000001) in
SS disease. Multiple regression analyses using various
hematologic parameters as independent variables, and either
microvesicles or PS positivity as the dependent variable, showed
a strong relationship only with F cells. Additionally, plasma prothrombin fragment F1.2 levels (a marker for
thrombin generation) correlated with both PS positivity
(P < .001) and F cells (P < .01). An F-cell
level of approximately 70% was associated with normal levels of
prothrombin fragment F1.2 and with microvesicle formation
indistinguishable from control values. We suggest that the use of such
surrogate biologic markers in conjunction with F-cell numbers may
provide valuable insights into the biology and consequences of in vivo sickling.

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