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Blood, 15 August 2000, Vol. 96, No. 4, pp. 1538-1544
PHAGOCYTES
Peyer's patch eosinophils: identification, characterization, and
regulation by mucosal allergen exposure, interleukin-5,
and eotaxin
Anil Mishra,
Simon P. Hogan,
Eric B. Brandt, and
Marc E. Rothenberg
From the Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Allergy and
Clinical Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital
Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH.
The gastrointestinal immune system is traditionally thought to be
composed of lymphocytes located within Peyer's patches and the lamina
propria. We have recently reported that eosinophils also reside in the
gastrointestinal tract during healthy states, in particular, within the
lamina propria, and that these cells substantially increase after oral
allergen exposure. We now demonstrate the presence of eosinophils in
Peyer's patches and characterize the signals that regulate the
accumulation of eosinophils in Peyer's patches. In contrast to the
lamina propria, intestinal Peyer's patches have very low levels of
eosinophils under healthy states. However, elevated levels of
interleukin-5 (IL-5), generated by transgenic or pharmacologic
approaches, result in a dramatic increase in eosinophil levels in
Peyer's patches. Most eosinophils are located in the outer cortex and
interfollicular regions of the Peyer's patches. To dissect the
mechanism of eosinophil trafficking to Peyer's patches, the role of
eotaxin was examined. Mice transgenic for IL-5 and genetically
deficient in eotaxin were found to have reduced levels of eosinophils
in Peyer's patches compared with IL-5-transgenic mice. To prove that
eosinophils also traffic to Peyer's patches in wild-type mice,
allergic hypersensitivity was induced and Peyer's patches were
examined. Exposure to mucosal allergen promoted marked accumulation of
eosinophils in Peyer's patches and this process was attenuated in
eotaxin-deficient mice. In summary, these data demonstrate that
elevated levels of IL-5 and mucosal allergen exposure promote
eotaxin-dependent eosinophil trafficking to Peyer's patches. These
studies suggest that eosinophils may cooperate with lymphocytes in the
development of mucosal immune responses in the gastrointestinal tract.
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