SEARCH:   Advanced

This Article Full Text Full Text (PDF) Alert me when this article is cited Alert me if a correction is posted Citation Map Services Email this article to a friend Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Rights and Permissions Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via CrossRef Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Warkentin, T. E. Articles by Kelton, J. G. Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Warkentin, T. E. Articles by Kelton, J. G. Related Collections Hemostasis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology Clinical Trials and Observations Social Bookmarking                   What's this?  Previous Article  |  Table of Contents  |  Next Article  Blood, 1 September 2000, Vol. 96, No. 5, pp. 1703-1708 CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS, INTERVENTIONS, AND THERAPEUTIC TRIALS Impact of the patient population on the risk for heparin-induced thrombocytopenia Theodore E. Warkentin, Jo-Ann I. Sheppard, Peter Horsewood, Patricia J. Simpson, Jane C. Moore, and John G. Kelton From the Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine and the Department of Medicine, McMaster University; and from the Hamilton Regional Laboratory Medicine Program, Hamilton Health Sciences Corporation, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. The frequency of immune heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) varies among prospective studies. It is unknown whether this is caused by differences in the heparin preparations, the patient populations, or the types of serologic assay used to confirm the diagnosis. Seven hundred forty-four patients were studied from 3 different clinical treatment settings, as follows: unfractionated heparin (UFH) during or after cardiac surgery (n = 100), UFH after orthopedic surgery (n = 205), and low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) after orthopedic surgery (n = 439). Both an activation assay and an antigen assay were used to detect heparin-dependent IgG (HIT-IgG) antibodies. By activation assay, the frequency of HIT-IgG formation ranged from a low of 3.2% in orthopedic patients receiving LMWH to a high of 20% in cardiac patients receiving UFH; by antigen assay, the corresponding frequencies ranged from 7.5% to 50%. Both UFH use (P = .002) and cardiac surgery (P = .01) were more likely to be associated with HIT-IgG formation. However, among patients in whom HIT-IgG formed and who were administered UFH, the probability for HIT was higher among orthopedic patients than among cardiac patients (by activation assay: 52.6% compared with 5%; odds ratio, 21.1 [95% CI, 2.2-962.8]; P = .001; by antigen assay: 34.5% compared with 2.0%; odds ratio, 25.8 [95% CI, 3.2-1141]; P < .001). It is concluded that there is an unexpected dissociation between the frequency of HIT-IgG formation and the risk for HIT that is dependent on the patient population. HIT-IgG antibodies are more likely to form in patients who undergo cardiac surgery than in orthopedic patients, but among patients in whom antibodies do form, orthopedic patients are more likely to develop HIT. © 2000 by The American Society of Hematology.   CiteULike    Connotea    Del.icio.us    Digg    Reddit    Technorati    What's this? This article has been cited by other articles: A V Mattioli, L Bonetti, U Carletti, G Ambrosio, and G Mattioli Thrombotic events in patients with antiplatelet factor 4/heparin antibodies Heart, August 15, 2009; 95(16): 1350 - 1354. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] I. Elalamy, G. Le Gal, F. Nachit-Ouinekh, A. Lafuma, C. Emery, C. Le-Fur, and F. Chapuis Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia: An Estimate of the Average Cost in the Hospital Setting in France Clinical and Applied Thrombosis/Hemostasis, August 1, 2009; 15(4): 428 - 434. [Abstract] [PDF] G. M. Arepally Nothing typical about HIT Blood, May 14, 2009; 113(20): 4825 - 4826. [Full Text] [PDF] T. E. Warkentin, J.-A. I. Sheppard, J. C. Moore, R. J. Cook, and J. G. Kelton Studies of the immune response in heparin-induced thrombocytopenia Blood, May 14, 2009; 113(20): 4963 - 4969. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] T. E. Warkentin, A. Greinacher, and A. Koster Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia in patients with ventricular assist devices: are new prevention strategies required? Ann. Thorac. Surg., May 1, 2009; 87(5): 1633 - 1640. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] A. O. Kanaan and A. S. Al-Homsi Heparin-induced Thrombocytopenia: Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Review of Pharmacotherapy Journal of Pharmacy Practice, April 1, 2009; 22(2): 149 - 157. [Abstract] [PDF] D. Paparella, G. Scrascia, A. Galeone, M. Coviello, G. Cappabianca, M. T. Venneri, B. Favoino, M. Quaranta, L. de Luca Tupputi Schinosa, and T. E. Warkentin Formation of anti-platelet factor 4/heparin antibodies after cardiac surgery: influence of perioperative platelet activation, the inflammatory response, and histocompatibility leukocyte antigen status. J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg., December 1, 2008; 136(6): 1456 - 1463. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] S. G. Shelat, A. Tomaski, and E. S. Pollak Serologic Results in >1000 Patients With Suspected Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia Clinical and Applied Thrombosis/Hemostasis, October 1, 2008; 14(4): 410 - 414. [Abstract] [PDF] J. G. Kelton and T. E. Warkentin Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia: a historical perspective Blood, October 1, 2008; 112(7): 2607 - 2616. [Full Text] [PDF] K. Tasdemir, B. Sarli, M. G. Kaya, and O. Gunebakmaz Mobile biatrial thrombus in a patient with mitral stenosis under heparin infusion Interactive CardioVascular and Thoracic Surgery, August 1, 2008; 7(4): 667 - 669. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] A. Greinacher and J. H. Levy HIT Happens: Diagnosing and Evaluating the Patient with Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia Anesth. Analg., August 1, 2008; 107(2): 356 - 358. [Full Text] [PDF] M. P. Mullen, D. L. Wessel, K. C. Thomas, K. Gauvreau, E. J. Neufeld, F. X. McGowan Jr, and J. A. DiNardo The Incidence and Implications of Anti-Heparin-Platelet Factor 4 Antibody Formation in a Pediatric Cardiac Surgical Population Anesth. Analg., August 1, 2008; 107(2): 371 - 378. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] T. E. Warkentin, A. Greinacher, A. Koster, and A. M. Lincoff Treatment and Prevention of Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia: American College of Chest Physicians Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines (8th Edition) Chest, June 1, 2008; 133(6_suppl): 340S - 380S. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] D Alpert, L A Mandl, D Erkan, W Yin, E I Peerschke, and J E Salmon Anti-heparin platelet factor 4 antibodies in systemic lupus erythaematosus are associated with IgM antiphospholipid antibodies and the antiphospholipid syndrome Ann Rheum Dis, March 1, 2008; 67(3): 395 - 401. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] J. H. Levy and N. F. Adkinson Jr Anaphylaxis During Cardiac Surgery: Implications for Clinicians Anesth. Analg., February 1, 2008; 106(2): 392 - 403. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] G. B. F. Oliveira, E. M. Crespo, R. C. Becker, E. F. Honeycutt, C. S. Abrams, K. J. Anstrom, P. B. Berger, L. D. Davidson-Ray, E. L. Eisenstein, N. S. Kleiman, et al. Incidence and Prognostic Significance of Thrombocytopenia in Patients Treated With Prolonged Heparin Therapy Arch Intern Med, January 14, 2008; 168(1): 94 - 102. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] M.F. Barginear, L. Donahue, S.L. Allen, D.R. Budman, T. Bradley, M. Bhaskaran, and I. Shapira Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia Complicating Hemodialysis Clinical and Applied Thrombosis/Hemostasis, January 1, 2008; 14(1): 105 - 107. [Abstract] [PDF] S. Suvarna, B. Espinasse, R. Qi, R. Lubica, M. Poncz, D. B. Cines, M. R. Wiesner, and G. M. Arepally Determinants of PF4/heparin immunogenicity Blood, December 15, 2007; 110(13): 4253 - 4260. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] T. A. Morris, S. Castrejon, G. Devendra, and A. C. Gamst No Difference in Risk for Thrombocytopenia During Treatment of Pulmonary Embolism and Deep Venous Thrombosis With Either Low-Molecular-Weight Heparin or Unfractionated Heparin: A Metaanalysis Chest, October 1, 2007; 132(4): 1131 - 1139. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] J. H. Levy, K. A. Tanaka, and M. J. Hursting Reducing Thrombotic Complications in the Perioperative Setting: An Update on Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia Anesth. Analg., September 1, 2007; 105(3): 570 - 582. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] I Ahmed, A Majeed, and R Powell Heparin induced thrombocytopenia: diagnosis and management update Postgrad. Med. J., September 1, 2007; 83(983): 575 - 582. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] H. Tsukui, A. Abla, J. J. Teuteberg, D. M. McNamara, M. A. Mathier, L. M. Cadaret, and R. L. Kormos Cerebrovascular accidents in patients with a ventricular assist device J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg., July 1, 2007; 134(1): 114 - 123. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] T. E. Warkentin and J. W. Eikelboom Who Is (Still) Getting HIT? Chest, June 1, 2007; 131(6): 1620 - 1622. [Full Text] [PDF] M. A. Smythe, J. M. Koerber, and J. C. Mattson The Incidence of Recognized Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia in a Large, Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital Chest, June 1, 2007; 131(6): 1644 - 1649. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] D. C. Kress, S. Aronson, M. L. McDonald, M. I. Malik, A. B. Divgi, A. J. Tector, F. X. Downey III, A. J. Anderson, M. Stone, and C. Clancy Positive Heparin-Platelet Factor 4 Antibody Complex and Cardiac Surgical Outcomes Ann. Thorac. Surg., May 1, 2007; 83(5): 1737 - 1743. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] B. M. Everett, R. Yeh, S. Y. Foo, D. Criss, E. M. Van Cott, M. Laposata, E. G. Avery, W. D. Hoffman, J. Walker, D. Torchiana, et al. Prevalence of Heparin/Platelet Factor 4 Antibodies Before and After Cardiac Surgery Ann. Thorac. Surg., February 1, 2007; 83(2): 592 - 597. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] T. E. Warkentin and M. A. Crowther When is HIT Really HIT? Ann. Thorac. Surg., January 1, 2007; 83(1): 21 - 23. [Full Text] [PDF] A. Koster, S. Huebler, E. Potapov, O. Meyer, M. Jurmann, Y. Weng, M. Pasic, T. Drews, H. Kuppe, M. Loebe, et al. Impact of Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia on Outcome in Patients with Ventricular Assist Device Support: Single-Institution Experience in 358 Consecutive Patients Ann. Thorac. Surg., January 1, 2007; 83(1): 72 - 76. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] M. F. Cooney Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia: advances in diagnosis and treatment. Crit. Care Nurse, December 1, 2006; 26(6): 30 - 36. [Full Text] [PDF] M. A. Elliott, S. Schulte, E. A. Plumhoff, R. K. Pruthi, W. L. Nichols, M. R. Litzow, D. A. Gastineau, and J. A. Heit Frequency of Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia and Heparin-Dependent IgG Antibodies in Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant Recipients. Blood (ASH Annual Meeting Abstracts), November 16, 2006; 108(11): 4059 - 4059. [Abstract] [PDF] E. A Nutescu, A. K Wittkowsky, P. P Dobesh, D. W Hawkins, and W. E Dager Choosing the Appropriate Antithrombotic Agent for the Prevention and Treatment of VTE: A Case-Based Approach Ann. Pharmacother., September 1, 2006; 40(9): 1558 - 1570. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] G. M. Arepally and T. L. Ortel Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia N. Engl. J. Med., August 24, 2006; 355(8): 809 - 817. [Full Text] [PDF] S. Schenk, A. El-Banayosy, W. Prohaska, L. Arusoglu, M. Morshuis, W. Koester-Eiserfunke, L. Kizner, E. Murray, P. Eichler, R. Koerfer, et al. Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia in patients receiving mechanical circulatory support J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg., June 1, 2006; 131(6): 1373 - 1381. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] B. E. Lewis, D. E. Wallis, M. J. Hursting, R. L. Levine, and F. Leya Effects of Argatroban Therapy, Demographic Variables, and Platelet Count on Thrombotic Risks in Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia Chest, June 1, 2006; 129(6): 1407 - 1416. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] R. L. Levine, M. J. Hursting, and D. McCollum Argatroban Therapy in Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia With Hepatic Dysfunction Chest, May 1, 2006; 129(5): 1167 - 1175. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] E. Bennett-Guerrero, T. F. Slaughter, W. D. White, I. J. Welsby, C. S. Greenberg, H. El-Moalem, and T. L. Ortel Preoperative anti-PF4/heparin antibody level predicts adverse outcome after cardiac surgery J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg., December 1, 2005; 130(6): 1567 - 1572. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] P. Prandoni, S. Siragusa, B. Girolami, F. Fabris, and for the BELZONI Investigators Group The incidence of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia in medical patients treated with low-molecular-weight heparin: a prospective cohort study Blood, November 1, 2005; 106(9): 3049 - 3054. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] N. Martel, J. Lee, and P. S. Wells Risk for heparin-induced thrombocytopenia with unfractionated and low-molecular-weight heparin thromboprophylaxis: a meta-analysis Blood, October 15, 2005; 106(8): 2710 - 2715. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] G. R. Hetzel and C. Sucker The heparins: all a nephrologist should know Nephrol. Dial. Transplant., October 1, 2005; 20(10): 2036 - 2042. [Full Text] [PDF] B. V Reddy, E. J Grossman, S. A Trevino, M. J Hursting, and P. T Murray Argatroban Anticoagulation in Patients with Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia Requiring Renal Replacement Therapy Ann. Pharmacother., October 1, 2005; 39(10): 1601 - 1605. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] D. M. Arnold and J. G. Kelton Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia: An Iceberg Rising Mayo Clin. Proc., August 1, 2005; 80(8): 988 - 990. [PDF] S. Suvarna, L. Rauova, E. K. E. McCracken, C. M. Goss, B. S. Sachais, S. E. McKenzie, M. P. Reilly, M. D. Gunn, D. B. Cines, M. Poncz, et al. PF4/heparin complexes are T cell-dependent antigens Blood, August 1, 2005; 106(3): 929 - 931. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] M. J. Hursting, B. E. Lewis, and D. E. Macfarlane Transitioning from Argatroban to Warfarin Therapy in Patients with Heparin-induced Thrombocytopenia Clinical and Applied Thrombosis/Hemostasis, July 1, 2005; 11(3): 279 - 287. [Abstract] [PDF] I.-K. Jang and M. J. Hursting When Heparins Promote Thrombosis: Review of Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia Circulation, May 24, 2005; 111(20): 2671 - 2683. [Full Text] [PDF] R. L. Levine Finding Haystacks Full of Needles: From Opus to Osler Chest, May 1, 2005; 127(5): 1488 - 1490. [Full Text] [PDF] C. Pohl, A. Kredteck, B. Bastians, P. Hanfland, T. Klockgether, and U. Harbrecht Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia in neurologic patients treated with low-molecular-weight heparin Neurology, April 12, 2005; 64(7): 1285 - 1287. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] J. G. Kelton The Pathophysiology of Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia: Biological Basis for Treatment Chest, February 1, 2005; 127(2_suppl): 9S - 20S. [Full Text] [PDF] T. E. Warkentin New Approaches to the Diagnosis of Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia Chest, February 1, 2005; 127(2_suppl): 35S - 45S. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] W. H. Matthai Jr Thrombocytopenia in Cardiovascular Patients: Diagnosis and Management Chest, February 1, 2005; 127(2_suppl): 46S - 52S. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] A. T. Gurbuz, W. G. Elliott, and A. A. Zia Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia in the cardiovascular patient: diagnostic and treatment guidelines Eur. J. Cardiothorac. Surg., January 1, 2005; 27(1): 138 - 149. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] P. Savi, B. H. Chong, A. Greinacher, Y. Gruel, J. G. Kelton, T. E. Warkentin, P. Eichler, D. Meuleman, M. Petitou, J.-P. Herault, et al. Effect of fondaparinux on platelet activation in the presence of heparin-dependent antibodies: a blinded comparative multicenter study with unfractionated heparin Blood, January 1, 2005; 105(1): 139 - 144. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] L. Rice Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia: Myths and Misconceptions (That Will Cause Trouble for You and Your Patient) Arch Intern Med, October 11, 2004; 164(18): 1961 - 1964. [Full Text] [PDF] M. A. Smythe, W. E. Dager, and N. M. Patel Managing Complications of Anticoagulant Therapy Journal of Pharmacy Practice, October 1, 2004; 17(5): 327 - 346. [Abstract] [PDF] T. E. Warkentin and A. Greinacher Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia: Recognition, Treatment, and Prevention: The Seventh ACCP Conference on Antithrombotic and Thrombolytic Therapy Chest, September 1, 2004; 126(3_suppl): 311S - 337S. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] M. Sobel The Incidence of Heparininduced Thrombocytopenia in Hospitalized Medical Patients Treated With Subcutaneous Unfractionated Heparin: A Prospective Cohort Study Perspectives in Vascular Surgery and Endovascular Therapy, June 1, 2004; 16(2): 147 - 149. [Abstract] [PDF] U. Harbrecht, B. Bastians, A. Kredteck, P. Hanfland, T. Klockgether, and C. Pohl Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia in neurologic disease treated with unfractionated heparin Neurology, February 24, 2004; 62(4): 657 - 659. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] G. M. Palatianos, C. N. Foroulis, M. I. Vassili, P. Matsouka, G. M. Astras, G. H. Kantidakis, E. Iliopoulou, and E. N. Melissari Preoperative detection and management of immune heparin-induced thrombocytopenia in patients undergoing heart surgery with iloprost J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg., February 1, 2004; 127(2): 548 - 554. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] W. E Dager and R. H White Low-Molecular-Weight Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia in a Child Ann. Pharmacother., February 1, 2004; 38(2): 247 - 250. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] A. Koster and T. Fischer Management of Patients with Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia During Cardiac Surgery Seminars in Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia, December 1, 2003; 7(4): 411 - 416. [Abstract] [PDF] T. E. Warkentin and A. Greinacher Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia and cardiac surgery Ann. Thorac. Surg., December 1, 2003; 76(6): 2121 - 2131. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] T. E. Warkentin, R. S. Roberts, J. Hirsh, and J. G. Kelton An Improved Definition of Immune Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia in Postoperative Orthopedic Patients Arch Intern Med, November 10, 2003; 163(20): 2518 - 2524. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] L. Rice, W. K. Attisha, and J. L. Francis Delayed-Onset Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia Ann Intern Med, November 4, 2003; 139(9): 790 - 791. [Full Text] [PDF] A. Leo and S. Winteroll Laboratory Diagnosis of Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia and Monitoring of Alternative Anticoagulants Clin. Vaccine Immunol., September 1, 2003; 10(5): 731 - 740. [Full Text] [PDF] B. E. Lewis, D. E. Wallis, F. Leya, M. J. Hursting, and J. G. Kelton Argatroban Anticoagulation in Patients With Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia Arch Intern Med, August 11, 2003; 163(15): 1849 - 1856. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] T. E. Warkentin and A. Greinacher Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia and cardiac surgery Ann. Thorac. Surg., August 1, 2003; 76(2): 638 - 648. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] B. Girolami, P. Prandoni, P. M. Stefani, C. Tanduo, P. Sabbion, P. Eichler, R. Ramon, G. Baggio, F. Fabris, and A. Girolami The incidence of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia in hospitalized medical patients treated with subcutaneous unfractionated heparin: a prospective cohort study Blood, April 15, 2003; 101(8): 2955 - 2959. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] N. Lubenow, S. Selleng, H.-G. Wollert, P. Eichler, B. Mullejans, and A. Greinacher Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia and cardiopulmonary bypass: perioperative argatroban use Ann. Thorac. Surg., February 1, 2003; 75(2): 577 - 579. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] T. E. Warkentin Pork or beef? Ann. Thorac. Surg., January 1, 2003; 75(1): 15 - 16. [Full Text] [PDF] W. J DeBois, J. Liu, L. Y Lee, L. N Girardi, C. Mack, A. Tortolani, K. H Krieger, and O W. Isom Diagnosis and treatment of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia Perfusion, January 1, 2003; 18(1): 47 - 53. [Abstract] [PDF] T. E. Warkentin Invited commentary Ann. Thorac. Surg., January 1, 2003; 75(1): 284 - 285. [Full Text] [PDF] T. E. Warkentin, W. C. Aird, and J. H. Rand Platelet-Endothelial Interactions: Sepsis, HIT, and Antiphospholipid Syndrome Hematology, January 1, 2003; 2003(1): 497 - 519. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] B. M. Alving How I treat heparin-induced thrombocytopenia and thrombosis Blood, January 1, 2003; 101(1): 31 - 37. [Full Text] [PDF] E. Lindhoff-Last, B. Wenning, M. Stein, F. Gerdsen, R. Bauersachs, and R. Wagnert Risk Factors and Long-term Follow-up of Patients with the Immune Type of Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia Clinical and Applied Thrombosis/Hemostasis, October 1, 2002; 8(4): 347 - 352. [Abstract] [PDF] W. C. Aird and E. J. Mark Case 15-2002 - A 53-Year-Old Man with a Myocardial Infarct and Thromboses after Coronary-Artery Bypass Grafting N. Engl. J. Med., May 16, 2002; 346(20): 1562 - 1570. [Full Text] [PDF] Z. Q. Li, W. Liu, K. S. Park, B. S. Sachais, G. M. Arepally, D. B. Cines, and M. Poncz Defining a second epitope for heparin-induced thrombocytopenia/thrombosis antibodies using KKO, a murine HIT-like monoclonal antibody Blood, February 15, 2002; 99(4): 1230 - 1236. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] T. E. Warkentin and J. G. Kelton Delayed-Onset Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia and Thrombosis Ann Intern Med, October 2, 2001; 135(7): 502 - 506. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] E. Lindhoff-Last, C. Betz, and R. Bauersachs Use of a Low-Molecular-Weight Heparinoid (Danaparoid Sodium) for Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy in Intensive Care Patients Clinical and Applied Thrombosis/Hemostasis, October 1, 2001; 7(4): 300 - 304. [Abstract] [PDF] G. M. Arepally and I. M. Mayer Antibodies from patients with heparin-induced thrombocytopenia stimulate monocytic cells to express tissue factor and secrete interleukin-8 Blood, August 15, 2001; 98(4): 1252 - 1254. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] J. Hirsh, S. S. Anand, J. L. Halperin, and V. Fuster Guide to Anticoagulant Therapy: Heparin : A Statement for Healthcare Professionals From the American Heart Association Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, July 1, 2001; 21 (7): e9 - e9. [Full Text] [PDF] J. Hirsh, S. S. Anand, J. L. Halperin, and V. Fuster Guide to Anticoagulant Therapy: Heparin : A Statement for Healthcare Professionals From the American Heart Association Circulation, June 19, 2001; 103(24): 2994 - 3018. [Full Text] [PDF] T. E. Warkentin and J. G. Kelton Temporal Aspects of Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia N. Engl. J. Med., April 26, 2001; 344(17): 1286 - 1292. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] K. R. McCrae, J. B. Bussel, P. M. Mannucci, G. Remuzzi, and D. B. Cines Platelets: An Update on Diagnosis and Management of Thrombocytopenic Disorders Hematology, January 1, 2001; 2001(1): 282 - 305. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] J. A. Ginsberg, M. A. Crowther, R. H. White, and T. L. Ortel Anticoagulation Therapy Hematology, January 1, 2001; 2001(1): 339 - 357. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] J. Hirsh, T. E. Warkentin, S. G. Shaughnessy, S. S. Anand, J. L. Halperin, R. Raschke, C. Granger, E. M. Ohman, and J. E. Dalen Heparin and Low-Molecular-Weight Heparin Mechanisms of Action, Pharmacokinetics, Dosing, Monitoring, Efficacy, and Safety Chest, January 1, 2001; 119 (2009): 64S - 94S. [Full Text] [PDF]

	Copyright © 2000 by American Society of Hematology         Online ISSN: 1528-0020