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Blood, 1 September 2000, Vol. 96, No. 5, pp. 1979-1984
PHAGOCYTES
Interleukin-15 enhances neutrophil functional activity in
patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection
Claudio M. Mastroianni,
Gabriella d'Ettorre,
Gabriele Forcina,
Miriam Lichtner,
Fabio Mengoni,
Claudia D'Agostino,
Angela Corpolongo,
Anna P. Massetti, and
Vincenzo Vullo
From the Department of Infectious and Tropical
Diseases, La Sapienza University, Rome, Italy.
Polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) dysfunction has been reported in
human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients. Interleukin (IL)-15 is a recently discovered cytokine that potentiates
antimicrobial functions of normal PMNs. We evaluated the in vitro
effect of IL-15 on chemotaxis and fungicidal activity of PMNs from 9 patients with untreated advanced HIV infection, 8 patients with viral
suppression after 52 to 130 weeks of highly active antiretroviral
therapy (HAART), and 12 patients with treatment failure. We also
studied oxidative burst and apoptosis of PMNs in 5 patients with
untreated advanced HIV infection. Twelve healthy donors were included
as controls. Chemotaxis and fungicidal activity of unprimed PMNs was
significantly lower in patients with untreated HIV infection compared
with controls. After incubation with IL-15, a significant increase in
PMN chemotaxis and fungicidal activity was found; moreover, IL-15
induced a significant reduction in the number of apoptotic
HIV+ PMNs. IL-15 did not modulate oxidative burst of
HIV+ PMNs as measured by chemiluminescence production. The
in vitro priming of PMNs with IL-15 determined a complete reversal of
defective chemotaxis and killing in all HAART-treated patients with
long-term HIV suppression. IL-15 significantly enhanced chemotaxis and
fungicidal activity also in patients with HAART failure. In conclusion,
IL-15 is an important cytokine in the activation of the functional
properties of HIV+ PMNs, by delaying apoptosis and
enhancing chemotaxis and fungicidal activity. The potent stimulant
effect of IL-15 on PMN function was observed in antiretroviral naive
patients as well as in individuals who were receiving HAART,
including those with treatment failure.
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