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Blood, 1 November 2000, Vol. 96, No. 9, pp. 3147-3153
NEOPLASIA
Elevated soluble MUC1 levels and decreased
anti-MUC1 antibody levels in patients with
multiple myeloma
Steven P. Treon,
Peter Maimonis,
Deborah Bua,
Gloria Young,
Noopur Raje,
Joseph Mollick,
Dharminder Chauhan,
Yu-Tzu Tai,
Teru Hideshima,
Yoshihito Shima,
Jo Hilgers,
Silvia von
Mensdorff-Pouilly,
Andrew R. Belch,
Linda M. Pilarski, and
Kenneth C. Anderson
From the Department of Adult Oncology, Dana Farber
Cancer Institute; and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School,
Boston, MA; Bayer Diagnostics, Walpole, MA; Academic Hospital, Vrije
Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; and Department of Medical
Oncology, Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
Soluble MUC1 (sMUC1) levels are elevated in many MUC1+
cancers. We and others have shown that MUC1 is expressed on multiple myeloma (MM) plasma cells and B cells. In this study, we measured sMUC1
levels in bone marrow (BM) plasma from 71 MM patients and 21 healthy
donors (HDs), and in peripheral blood (PB) plasma from 42 MM
patients and 13 HDs using an immunoassay that detects the CA27.29
epitope of MUC1. sMUC1 levels were found to be significantly greater
(mean 31.76 U/mL, range 5.69 to 142.48 U/mL) in MM patient BM plasma
versus HD BM plasma (mean 9.68 U/mL, range 0.65 to 39.83 U/mL)
(P < .001). Importantly, BM plasma sMUC1 levels were
related to tumor burden because sMUC1 levels were significantly higher for MM patients with active disease (34.62 U/mL, range 5.69 to 142.48 U/mL) versus MM patients with minimal residual disease (16.16 U/mL,
range 5.7 to 56.68 U/mL) (P = .0026). sMUC1 levels were
also elevated in the PB plasma of MM patients (32.79 U/mL, range 4.15 to 148.84 U/mL) versus HDs (18.47 U/mL, range 8.84 to 42.49)
(P = .0052). Lastly, circulating immunglobulin M (IgM) and IgG antibodies to MUC1 were measured in 114 MM patients and 31 HDs,
because natural antibodies to MUC1 have been detected in patients with
other MUC1-bearing malignancies. These studies demonstrated lower
levels of circulating IgM (P < .001) and IgG (P = .078) antibodies to MUC1 in MM patients compared
with HDs. Our data therefore show that in MM patients, sMUC1 levels are elevated and correlate with disease burden, whereas anti-MUC1 antibody
levels are decreased.
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