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Blood, 1 January 2001, Vol. 97, No. 1, pp. 235-241
IMMUNOBIOLOGY
The interaction of human peripheral blood eosinophils with
bacterial lipopolysaccharide is CD14 dependent
Sabine G. Plötz,
Arnd Lentschat,
Heidrun Behrendt,
Werner Plötz,
Lutz Hamann,
Johannes Ring,
Ernst Th. Rietschel,
Hans-Dieter Flad, and
Artur J. Ulmer
From the Department of Immunology and Cell Biology and
the Department of Immunochemistry and Biochemical Microbiology,
Research Center Borstel, Center for Medicine and Biosciences, Borstel,
Germany; the Division of Environmental Dermatology and Allergology
GSF/TUM, Munich, Germany; and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery,
Medical University Lübeck, Germany.
Bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS, endotoxin) is a ubiquitous
component of dust and air pollution and is suspected to contribute after inhalation to an activation of eosinophils in bronchial tissues
of asthmatic patients, provoking inflammatory and allergic processes.
We were therefore interested in the interaction of eosinophil
granulocytes with LPS and have examined the activation of and uptake to
human peripheral blood eosinophils by LPS. Eosinophils were stimulated
by LPS and the endotoxic component lipid A and the release of tumor
necrosis factor alpha (TNF- ) and of the eosinophil-specific granule
protein eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) was estimated. The results
show induction of TNF- and ECP-release by LPS and lipid A in a
dose-dependent manner. Anti-CD14 monoclonal antibody (moAb) (clone
MEM-18) and the synthetic lipid A partial structure 406 blocked the
release of TNF- and ECP by LPS-stimulated eosinophils. Studies with
radioactively labeled LPS showed dose-dependent uptake of
3H-LPS to eosinophils. The 3H-LPS uptake was
found to be specific because preincubation with unlabeled LPS, compound
406 and also anti-CD14 antibodies inhibited uptake of
3H-LPS to eosinophil granulocytes. By flow cytometry using
anti-CD14 moAb and by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction
(RT-PCR) technique, CD14 expression was detectable. Furthermore,
messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of Toll-like receptors (TLR) 2 and TLR
4 was detected, indicating the presence of these CD14 coreceptors. The
results indicate that eosinophils can take up LPS and can be stimulated
by LPS in a CD14-dependent manner. Hence, in addition to allergens,
eosinophils interact with endotoxin, a process that possibly
exacerbates ongoing inflammatory and allergic processes.
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